2.1 Enzymes & Digestion

Question 0

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 0

Carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 1

What are the 7 main parts of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, salivary glands and pancreas

Question 2

What does the oesophagus have to help it perform its function?

Answer 2

Thick muscular wall

Question 3

What does the stomach do?

Answer 3

It produces enzymes. It stores and digests food, especially proteins.

Question 4

What prevents the stomach from being digested by its own enzymes?

Answer 4

Mucus

Question 5

What is the role of the small intestine?

Answer 5

Further digests food & absorbs the products of digestion into the bloodstream.

Question 6

What aspect of the small intestine helps it absorb food?

Answer 6

The villi, and the microvilli at the end of epithelial cells of each villus.

Question 7

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 7

It absorbs water.

Question 8

What is the product of the large intestine once it has absorbed water?

Answer 8

Faeces

Question 9

What does the rectum do?

Answer 9

Stores faeces

Question 10

What do the salivary glands?

Answer 10

They secrete amylase into the mouth

Question 11

What does amylase do?

Answer 11

Breaks down starch into maltose

Question 12

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 12

Produces pancreatic juice which contains protease, lipase and amylase

Question 13

What does protease break down?

Answer 13

Digests proteins

Question 14

What does lipase do?

Answer 14

Digests lipids

Question 15

What are the two stages of digestion?

Answer 15

Physical breakdown and chemical breakdown

Question 16

How is food physically broken down?

Answer 16

By the teeth, giving a bigger surface area for chemical digestion.

Muscles in the stomach also churn the food, physically breaking it down.

Question 17

How is chemical digestion carried out?

Answer 17

By enzymes

Question 18

How to digestive enzymes function?

Answer 18

Hydrolysis

Question 19

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 19

The splitting up of molecules by adding water to the chemical bonds that hold them together

Question 20

The general term for digestive enzymes is

Answer 20

Hydrolases

Question 21

What are the three different types of enzyme?

Answer 21

Carbohydrases, lipases and proteases

Question 22

What do carbohydrases do?

Answer 22

Break down carbohydrates to monosaccharides

Question 23

What do lipases do?

Answer 23

Break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 24

What do proteases do?

Answer 24

Break down proteins to amino acids

Question 25

What happens once the large food molecules have been hydrolysed?

Answer 25

They are absorbed into the blood

Question 26

What is assimilation?

Answer 26

Incorporating absorbed molecules into body tissues