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2nd Year - Pathology > 2.04 - Infectious > Flashcards

2.04 - Infectious Flashcards

1
Q

causative agent of syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

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2
Q

Vectors of rickettsial infections

A

Arthropods: ticks, body louse, chigger

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3
Q

Route of entry of salmonella typhi

A

Feco-oral route

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4
Q

Route of entry of e. histolytica

A

Feco-oral route

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5
Q

Lysozyme protects against infection by ___

A

degrading peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall

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6
Q

Reason why women have more than 10x as many UTIs than men

A

Length of urethra is shorter for women (5cm) than for men (20 cm) so there is a short distance between the bladder and the skin

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7
Q

True or False: Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require the metabolic machinery of the host cell

A

True

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8
Q

Enumerate the cytopathic effects of viral injury

A

Formation of INCLUSION BODIES
Reduced host cell function
Cell injury, lysis and death

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9
Q

Form of viral infection:

Results from either a defective virus or when the host cell is not permissive and prohibits the replication of the virus

A

Abortive infection

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10
Q

Form of viral infection:

Usually short duration and lasts for only a few days

A

Acute/Transient infection

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11
Q

Form of viral infection:

Virus is present but not actively producing demonstrable disease

A

Latent Infection

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12
Q

Form of viral infection:

Virus is present in the latent sate; characterized by relapses of active infection

A

Persistent infection

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13
Q

__ are inclusion bodies that are diagnostic histologic findings in rabies

A

Negri bodies

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14
Q

Pseudomonas has __ which kills neutrophils

A

Leukotoxins

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15
Q

What component of staphylococci binds the Fc portion of the antibody ti inhibit phagocytosis

A

Protein A

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16
Q

Pathognomonic finding in herpes simplex virus

A

Cowdry type A inclusions

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17
Q

Genital herpes is more commonly caused by (hsv 2 or hsv1)

A

HSV 2

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18
Q

__ is a condition when VZV caused an acute infection

A

Chicken pox

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19
Q

__ is the condition when a latent VZV is reactivated

A

Shingles

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20
Q

Mode of transmission of VZV

A

Aerosol or droplet inhalation

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21
Q

The most common viral opportunistic pathogen in AIDS

A

Cytomegalovirus

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22
Q

Owl’s eye appearance is characterisit of ___ infection

A

Cytomegalovirus infection

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23
Q

EBV infection is transmitted through the __

A

Saliva through kissing

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24
Q

___ is a condition characterized by benign self-limited lymphoproliferative disease (sore throat, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and presence of atypical lymphocytes)

A

Infectious mononucleosis

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25
Q

Inflammatory response characterized by increased vascular permeability and neutrophillic inflitration

A

Suppurative/purulent inflammation

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26
Q

Inflammatory response to viruses, intracellular bacteria and intracellular parasite composed of lymphocutes, plasma cells, macrophages

A

Mononuclear inflammation

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27
Q

Inflammatory response to infectious agents that resist eradication and capable of stimulating a strong cell-mediated immunity

A

Granulomatous inflammation

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28
Q

Inflammatory response that is characterized by tissue damage, loss of nuclear staining, preservation of cellular outline and may resemble infarcts

A

Tissue necrosis

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29
Q

Distribution of rash in measles

A

centrifugal distribution: going from the face outward going to the trunk and proximal extremities

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30
Q

Koplik spots is pathognomonic sign of

A

Measles infection

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31
Q

Triad of measles

A

Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis

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32
Q

__ are large germinal centers and randomly distributed multinucleated giant cells in lymphoid organs which are pathognomonic microscopic sign of measles

A

Warthin-Finkelday cells

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33
Q

Cause of dengue fever

A

Flavivirus (serotype 1-4)

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34
Q

Eukaryotes with chitin and ergosterol in their cell membranes

A

Fungi

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35
Q

Causative agent of syphillis

A

Treponema pallidum

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36
Q

What are the two cell surface receptors for the measles virus

A

CD 46 - inactivates C3 convertase

Signaling Lymphocytuc Activation Molecule - involved in T cell activation

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37
Q

Koplik Spots are pathognomonic for ___ infeaction

A

Measles infection

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38
Q

In measles infection, lymphoid organs exhibit the following: ___

A

Follicular hyperplasia
Large germinal centers
Warthin-Finkelday cells

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39
Q

MOT of measles virus

A

Droplet inhalation

40
Q

MOT of mumps virus

A

Droplet inhlation

41
Q

Receptor of polio virus in humans that’s why polio virus only infects humans

A

Human CD155

42
Q

MOT of polio virus

A

Feco-oral route

43
Q

Site of multiplication of flavivirus

A

Reticular Endothelial System

44
Q

Clinical symptoms in poliomyelitis

A

Flaccid paralysis
Muscle wasting
Hyporeflexia

45
Q

Gingivostomatitis in herpes infection is caused by

A

HSV-1

46
Q

Genital herpes is more commonly caused by

A

HSV-2

47
Q

MOT of VZV

A

Droplet inhalation

48
Q

Tissues usually infected by VZV

A

mucous membranes, skin and neurons

49
Q

Characteristic microscopic finding in CMV infection

A

Owl’s eye appearance

50
Q

___ virus causes infectious mononucleosis

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

51
Q

CD 16+ NK cells is found in what specific infection

A

EBV infection

52
Q

Atypical lymphocytes in EBV infection is characterized by:

A

Large
Contains azurophilic granules and vacuolations
Indented nucleus
Indented cytoplasm due to surrounding RBCs

53
Q

N. meningitidis attaches to

A

epithelial cells of nasopharynx

54
Q

N. gonorrhea attaches to epithelial cells of

A

mucous membranes of the GUT
eye
rectum
throat

55
Q

Presentation of N. gonorrhea in males

A

Urethritis with purulent discharge and painful stimulation

56
Q

Presentation of N. gonorrhea in females

A

Mostly asymptomatic

57
Q

Presentation of N. gonorrhea in children

A

Gonococcla opthalmia neonatorum: conjunctivitis

58
Q

Hallmark of meningococcal disease

A

Vasculitic purpura

59
Q

___ paralyzes the respiratory cilia in whooping cough

A

Pertussis toxin

60
Q

___ are skin lesions in sepsis due to pseudomonas aeruginosa; necrotic and hemorrhagic oval skin lesions

A

Ecthyma gangrenosum

61
Q

Causative agent for chancroid

A

Hemophilus ducreyi

62
Q

genital ulcer that is soft, tender, with ragged and not-indurated edges, usually covered by yellowish gray exudate

A

Chancroid

63
Q

Causative agent for granuloma inguinale

A

coccobacilus Klebsiella granulomatis

64
Q

chronic ulcerative disease that is painless, with rolled and indurated edges, with friable base with abundant beefy red granulation tissue; bleeds easily

A

ulcer in granuloma inguinale

65
Q

Diagnostic histologic finding in granuloma inguinale

A

Donovan bodies

66
Q

Small round encapsulated coccobacilli enclosed within the cytoplasm of macrophages

A

Donovan bodies

67
Q

MOT of Klebsiella granulomatis

A

Sexual contact

68
Q

M. tuberculosis is usually found in what part of the lung

A

Apex of the lungs (because it is aerobic)

69
Q

Pathogenic determinant of M. tuberculosis which inhibits macrophage activation

A

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM)

70
Q

Pathogenic determinant of M. tuberculosis which elicits granuloma formation, inhibits polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration, and attacks mitochondrial membranes

A

Cord factor

71
Q

Lesion that is characteristic of secondary TB

A

caseation necrotic leasion in the apex with cavitation

72
Q

Presumptive laboratory diagnosis in tuberculosis

A

AFB stain

73
Q

definitive laboratory diagnosis for tuberculosis

A

Culture

74
Q

Areas/organs of the body resistant to TB

A

Heart
Striated muscle
Thyroid gland
Pancreas

75
Q

Histologic presentation of MAC in HIV patients

A

Absence of granuloma

Presence of abundant acid-fast bacili within macrophages

76
Q

Site of replication of M. leprae

A

only in mononuclear phagocytic cells (histiocytes of skin and schwann cell of the peripheral nerves)

77
Q

causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

78
Q

Causative agent of relapsing fever

A

Borrelia recurrentis

79
Q

Causative agent of lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

80
Q

among the ulcers of syphilis, granuloma inguinale, and chancroid, which ulcer is painful?

A

Cancroid or soft chancre

81
Q

predominant cell response in primary syphillis

A

Plasma cells

82
Q

Clinical presentation of secondary syphilis

A

Rash
Condylomata latum
Lymphadenopathy

83
Q

3 manifestations of tertiary syphilis

A

Syphilitic aortitis
Neurosyphilis
Gumma

84
Q

Presentation of congenital syphilis

A

Saddle nose deformity

85
Q

Manifestation of Late (childhood/tardive) congenital syphilis

A

Hutchinson’s Triad:

  • Interstitial keratitis
  • Hutchinson teeth
  • Eight nerve deafness
86
Q

Distinctive feature of Lyme arthritis

A

Presence of an arteritis with onion skin-like lesions

87
Q

Major arthropod-borne disease in the USA, Europe, and Japan

A

Lyme disease

88
Q

Manifestation of Stage 1 Lyme disease

A

Erythema chronicum migrans (bull’s eye lesion due to pale center)
Fever
Lymphadenopathy

89
Q

Vector of Lyme disease

A

Ixodes scapularis

90
Q

Trachoma is caused by

A

Chlamydia A,B,C

91
Q

Urogenital infections and inclusion conjunctivitis is caused by what serotypes of chlamydia

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D to K

92
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2, and L3 causes ___

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

93
Q

Groove sign or enlarged inguinal lymph nodes is seen in ___

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

94
Q

Microscopic pathologic finding in Rickettsial infection

A

Thrombosed vessels and vasculitis

95
Q

What infection has characterisitc flask-shaped ulcerations

A

Amoebiasis

96
Q

Cysticercosis is caused by

A

pork tapeworm, Taenia solium

97
Q

What si the predomniant inflammatory cell in viral encephalitis

A

lymphocytes

2nd Year - Pathology (9 decks)

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