2025 Drug List Flashcards
NSU Need to Know Drug List
Propofol
Induction Agent
Diprivan
Diisopropylphenol: binding to GABAa receptors to increase GABA affinity for GABAa receptors
10 mg/ml
IV
Onset: 15-30 secs
DOA: 3-10 mins
Induction:1.5-2.5 mg/kg
Maintenance: 50-200 mcg/kg/min
Sedation Infusion: 25-100 mcg/kg/min
Etomidate
Induction Agent
Amidate
Carboxylated imidazole: depresses Reticular Activating System and mimics inhibitory effects of GABA
2 mg/ml
IV
Onset: 5-15 secs
DOA: 3-8 mins
Induction: 0.1-0.4 mg/kg
Ketamine
Induction Agent
Ketalar
Phencyclidine: Inhibit NMDA channels, dissociative from thalamus
5-100 mg/ml
IV
Onset: 15-30 secs
DOA: 5-15 mins
Induction: 1-2.5 mg/kg (M+M has 1-2 mg/kg)
Maintenance: 10-20 mcg/kg/min
Analgesia or Sedation: 2.5-15 mcg/kg/min
IM
Onset: 3-5 mins
DOA: 12-30 mins
Induction: 3-5 mg/kg (M+M)
Midazolam
Sedative
Versed
Benzodiazepine: Bind to GABAa sites increases chloride ion channel opening
1, 5 mg/ml
1-2 mg
IV
Onset: within 5 mins
DOA: less than 2 hrs
Induction: 0.1-0.4 mg/kg
Sedation: 0.01-0.1 mg/kg
IM
Onset: 15 mins
DOA: less than 2 hrs
Premedication: 0.07-0.15 mg/kg
Oral
Onset: 20 mins
DOA: 1-6 hrs
0.25-1 mg/kg
Peds: 0.5 mg/kg
Intranasal
0.2-0.3 mg/kg
Buccal
0.07 mg/kg
Sublingual
0.1 mg/kg
Lorazepam
Sedative
Ativan
Benzodiazepine: Bind to GABAa sites increases chloride ion channel opening
2, 4 mg/ml
0.05 mg/kg
IV
Onset: 1-3 mins
IM
Onset: 15-30 mins
Oral
Onset: 20-30 mins
DOA: 6-8 hrs
Premedication: 0.05 mg/kg
Precedex
Sedative
Dexmedetomidine
Alpha-2-agonist: decrease in sympathetic activity, analgesia from release of norepinephrine at spinal cord
200 mcg/2 ml
0.2-1 mcg/kg
IV
Onset: less than 5 mins
DOA: 60-120 mins
Induction: 1 mcg/kg over 5-10 mins
Maintenance: 0.2-1.4 mcg/kg/h
Nasal
Induction: 1-2 mcg/kg
Peds
Nasal (Premed): 1-2 mcg/kg
Oral (Premed): 2.5-4 mcg/kg
Diazepam
Sedative
Valium
Benzodiazepine: Bind to GABAa sites increases chloride ion channel opening
5 mg/ml
0.05-0.2 mg/kg
IV
Onset: 1-3 mins
DOA: 12+ hrs
Sedation: 0.04-0.2 mg/kg
Oral
Onset: 15-60 mins
DOA: 12+ hrs
Premedication: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg
Fentanyl
Pain Medication
Sublimaze
Opioid: Bind to Mu, Kappa, and delta receptors resulting in pain receptors not working
50 mcg/ml
25-50 mcg
IV
Onset: less than 60 secs
DOA: 45 mins
Intraoperative: 2-50 mcg/kg
Postoperative: 0.5-1.5 mcg/kg
Morphine
Pain Medication
Morphine
Opioid: Bind to Mu, Kappa, and delta receptors resulting in pain receptors not working
10 mg/ml
2.5-5 mg
IV
Onset: 5-10 mins
DOA: 2 hrs
Postoperative: 0.03-0.15 mg/kg
IM
Onset: 10-30 mins
DOA: 2 hrs
Postopertative: 0.05-0.2 mg/kg
Sufentanil
Pain Medication
Sufenta
Opioid: Bind to Mu, Kappa, and delta receptors resulting in pain receptors not working
50 mcg/ml
0.05-0.2 mcg/kg
IV
Onset: 1-3 mins
DOA: 30 mins
Intraoperative: 0.25-20 mcg/kg
Infusion: 0.1-1 mcg/kg/hr
Remifentanil
Pain Medication
Ultiva
Opioid: Bind to Mu, Kappa, and delta receptors resulting in pain receptors not working
2 mg/ml
0.25 mcg/kg
IV
Onset: 1-2 mins
DOA: 4 mins
Loading: 0.05-2 mcg/kg/min
Intraoperative: 1 mcg/kg
Maintenance/Postop/Sedation: 0.05-0.3 mcg/kg/min
Meperidine
Pain Medication
Demerol
Opioid: Bind to Mu, Kappa, and delta receptors resulting in pain receptors not working
25, 50 mg/ml
12.5-25 mg
Onset: 3-6 mins
DOA: 2-3 hrs
Hydromorphone
Pain Medication
Dilaudid
Opioid: Bind to Mu, Kappa, and delta receptors resulting in pain receptors not working
1,2 mg/ml
0.25-0.5 mg
IV
Onset: 5 mins
DOA: 5 hours
Postoperative: 0.01-0.02 mg/kg
IM
Onset: 5-20 mins
DOA: 2-3 hrs
Postoperative: 0.02-0.04 mg/kg
Naloxone
Pain Medication/Reversal
Narcan
Opioid Antagonist: antagonist at u receptors
0.4 mg/ml
1-4 mcg/kg
IV
Onset: ~60 seconds
DOA: 30-45 mins
1-4 mcg/kg (40 mcg every 60 secs)
Ondansetron
Antiemitc
Zofran
5-HT3 antagonist: 5-HT3 receptor mediates vomiting and is found in the GI tract and the
brain area postrema
2 mg/ml
4 mg
Inapsine
Antiemitic
Droperidol
Butyrophenones: Dopamine antagonist, blocks dopamine receptors that contribute to the development of PONV
2.5 mg/ml
15 mcg/kg
Metoclopramide
Antiemetic
Reglan
Cholinomimetic: facilitates acetylcholine
transmission at selective muscarinic receptors and centrally as a dopamine receptor antagonist
10 mg/ml
10 mg
Promethazine
Antiemetic
Phenergan
Phenothiazine: anticholinergic agent and antihistamine
25 mg/ml
6.25-25 mg
Succinylcholine
Muscle Relaxant
Anectine/Quelicin
Depolarizing MR: will bind to the NMJR and they mimic ACH causing the receptor to depolarize but these agents do not allow the NMJR to repolarize until the agent eventually falls off
20 mg/ml
1-2 mg/kg
IV
Onset: 30 secs
DOA: 5-10 mins
Rocuronium
Muscle Relaxant
Zemuron
Non-depolarizing MR: bind to the NMJR and the prevent the depolarization of that receptor by endogenous ACH
10 mg/ml
0.6-1.2 mg/kg
IV
Onset: 90 secs
DOA: 35-75 mins
Intubation: 0.45-0.9 mg/kg
Infusion: 5-12 mcg/kg/min
IM
Infant: 1 mg/kg
Child: 2 mg/kg
Vecuronium
Muscle Relaxant
Norcuron
Non-depolarizing MR: bind to the NMJR and the prevent the depolarization of that receptor by endogenous ACH
1 mg/ml
0.08-0.12 mg/kg
IV
Onset: 2-3 mins
DOA: 45-90 mins
Intubation: 0.08-.12 mg/kg
Infusion: 1-2 mcg/kg/min
Pancuronium
Muscle Relaxant
Pavulon
Non-depolarizing MR: bind to the NMJR and the prevent the depolarization of that receptor by endogenous ACH
1, 2 mg/ml
0.1-0.2 mg/kg
IV
Onset: 2-3 mins
DOA: 60-120 mins
Intubation: 0.08-0.12 mg/kg
Cisatracurium
Muscle Relaxant
Nimbex
Non-depolarizing MR: bind to the NMJR and the prevent the depolarization of that receptor by endogenous ACH
2 mg/ml
0.08-0.12 mg/kg
IV:
Onset: 2-3 mins
DOA: 40-75 mins
Intubation: 0.1-0.15 mg/kg
Infusion: 1-2 mcg/kg/min
Edrophonium
Reversal Agent
Enlon
Cholinesterase inhibitor: prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine by blocking the enzyme called cholinesterase, allows for the action potential threshold to be reached so a new impulse can be triggered in the next neuron
10 mg/ml
0.5-1 mg/kg
IV
Onset: 1-2 min
DOA: less than 10 mins
Anti-cholinergic to avoid bradycardia
Glycopyrrolate: 0.007 mg per 1 mg of edrophonium
Atropine: 0.014 mg per 1 mg of edrophonium
Neostigmine
Reversal Agent
Prostigmin
Cholinesterase inhibitor: prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine by blocking the enzyme called cholinesterase, allows for the action potential threshold to be reached so a new impulse can be triggered in the next neuron
0.5, 1 mg/ml
0.04-0.08 mg/kg
IV
Onset: 5-10 mins
DOA: 1+ hr
Anti-cholinergic
Glycopyrrolate: 0.2 mg per 1 mg of neostigmine
Atropine: 0.4 mg per 1 mg of neostigmine
Atropine
Reversal Agent
Atropine
Cholinergic antagonist: binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors preventing Ach binding, increase Ach concentrations to overcome
01., 0.4 mg/ml
0.01-0.03 mg/kg
IV
Onset: less than 1 min
DOA: 30-60 mins (30 mins M+M)
IM
Onset: 10-15 mins
DOA: 90 mins
0.01-0.02 mg/kg
Glycopyrrolate
Reversal Agent
Robinul
Cholinergic antagonist: binds to muscarinic cholinergic receptors preventing Ach binding, increase Ach concentrations to overcome
0.2 mg/ml
0.01-0.02 mg/kg
IV
Onset: less than 1 min
DOA: 2-4 hrs
Does not cross Blood Brain Barrier, so no CNS effects
Sugammadex
Reversal Agent
Bridion
Relaxant Binding Agent
100 mg/ml
2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg or 16 mg/kg
Most effective with Rocuronium
Phenylephrine
Adrenergic Agent
Neosynephrine
Adrenergic agonist (A1)
10 mg/ml
100 mcg
0.5-1 mcg/kg
DOA: 15 mins
Epinephrine (Bolus Dose)
Adrenergic agent
Adrenaline
Adrenergic agonist (A1, A2, B1, B2)
1 mg/ml
5-20 mcg
Anaphylactic
100-500 mcg (repeat if necessary)
Infusion: 1 mg in 250 ml (4 mcg/ml) run at 2-20 mcg/min
Ephedrine
Adrenergic agent
Ephedra
Adrenergic agonist (A1, B1, B2)
50 mg/ml
5-10 mg
0.1-0.2 mg/kg
Norepinephrine (Bolus Dose)
Adrenergic agent
Levophed
Adrenergic agonist (A1, limited B2)
1 mg/ml
4-16 mcg
Infusion: 2-20 mcg/min
Labetalol
Adrenergic agent
Trandate
Adrenergic antagonist (Blocks A1, B1, B2)
5 mg/ml
5 mg
Esmolol
Adrenergic agent
Brevibloc
Beta antagonist (B1)
10 mg/ml
10-20 mg
0.2-0.5 mg/kg
Infusion: 50 mcg/kg/min… increased every 5 min by same amount till max of 200 mcg/kg/min
Metoprolol
Adrenergic agent
Lopressor
Beta antagonist (B1)
1 mg/ml
1-2 mg
Lidocaine
Local Anesthetic
Xylocaine
Amide LA
20 mg/ml
0.5-1 mg/kg
Ketorolac
Adjunct agent
Toradol
NSAID
30 mg/ml
30 mg or if <30kg: 0.5 mg/kg
Ofirmev
Adjunct agent
Acetaminophen
Prostaglandin inhibitor
10 mg/ml
15 mg/kg, but no more than 1000mg
