2025 ECG Quiz 8

Question 1

Adrenergic Receptors

Answer 1

A1 and B1 = stimulating

A2 and B2 = inhibition and/or negative feedback receptors

Question 2

Adrenergic Agonists: Phenylephrine

Answer 2

Neosynephrine

Reflex Brady due to baroceptor feedback

Common way to dilute = 10mg vial into 100 ml bag

10mg x 10 ml (how many times 10 goes into 100 ml)
*Technique to calculate

Question 3

Adrenergic Agonists: Ephedrine

Answer 3

Ephedra
A1, B1, B2

Effects can vary depending on the peron

Question 4

Adrenergic Agonists: Epinephrine

Answer 4

Adrenaline

Used to help with bleeding during surgery by surgeon

Know how to dilute down with bupivacaine

Question 5

Adrenergic Agonist: Norepinphrine

Answer 5

Levophed

Typically through central line to limit extravasation and tissue necrosis
Phentolamine as treatment

8mg/250ml bag = 32 mcg/ml

Bolus Syringe Want
8mcg/ml when treating in OR

Question 6

Adrenergic Agonists: Isoproterenol

Answer 6

Isuprel
NO ALPHA ACTIVITY

Mainly replaced by Dobutamine

Question 7

Adrenergic Agonists: Vasopressin

Answer 7

Pitressin

Used if phenylephrine isn’t working, 2nd line

V1/V2 in the kidneys

Typically used when adrenergic bp meds not working when pts didn’t stop aldosterone blockers or ACEis

Question 8

Adrenergic Antagonists: Phentolamine

Answer 8

Phenoxybenzamine - oral med taken preop

Phentolamine used when pheochromocytoma (rare tumor on adrenals, releases catecholamines irregularly)

Question 9

Propranolol

Answer 9

Inderal

Question 10

Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Metoprolol, Atenolol, Carvedilol

Answer 10

Beta blockers all end in “lol”

Esmolol = more commonly used due to short duration
Metoprolol = for longer tachy situations

Question 11

Adrenergic Antagonists: Beta Blockers - Labetalol

Answer 11

Trandate

No reflex tachycardia

Used to decrease HR and BP

Question 12

Antiarrhythmics (Class I and II)

Answer 12

Most commonly used lidocaine
Bier Blocks common = carpal tunnel

Decrease myocardial depolarization with the sodium channel block

Class II = Beta Blockers

Question 13

Antiarrhythmics (Class III)

Answer 13

Question 14

Antiarrhythmics (Class IV)

Answer 14

Know the extremes

Question 15

Antiarrhythmics: Calcium Channel Blockers - Non dihydropyridines

Answer 15

Question 16

Antiarrhythmics: Calcium Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridines

Answer 16

end in “pine”

Nifedipine - typically taken at home

Nicardipine - commonly used in OR and stroke patients????

Question 17

Antiarrhythmics: Others

Answer 17

Stable narrow, SVT use vagal maneuvers not working

resets not the heart

Question 18

Vasodilators: Hydralazine

Answer 18

Most commonly used in OR

Question 19

Vasodilators: Nitrates

Answer 19

Can combine with Hg to cause methemoglobin, methylene blue treatment

Question 20

Vasodilators: Nitroglycerin

Answer 20

Not always in the OR Pyxis, but generally around the OR suit pyxis

Sublingual spray in OB to help with uterine relaxation

2% paste

Question 21

Vasodilators: Sodium Nitroprusside

Answer 21

Cyanide Toxicity potential

More potent than Nitroglycerin

Question 22

Anti-hypertensives: ACEi

Answer 22

Commonly taken at home

end in “pril”

Typically act in the lungs where the ACE is present

The cough with it is not really an allergy, more so a side-effect

1st line phenylephrine not working to fix hypotension, 2nd line vasopressin use

Question 23

Anti-hypertensives: ARBs

Answer 23

Less coughing than ACEi

Question 24

Adrenergic Agonists: Dopamine

Answer 24

Changes what receptors acts on dependent on dosage

Question 25

Adrenergic Agonists: Dobutamine

Answer 25

Question 26

Adrenergic Agonists: Milrinone

Answer 26

Primacor