202-203- Perineal anatomy Flashcards
What are the boundary points of the perineum
pubic symphysis (ant), ischial tuberosities/obturator internus muscle (laterally), coccyx (post), pelvic diaphragm (superiorly)
What are the subdivisions of the perineum?
Urogenital triangle (urethra and vag pass thru) Anal triangle (anus passes thru) Perineal body is right in between.
urogenital diaphragm is composed of___
two fascia (superior and inferior (or perineal membrane))
what two mm. are w/in the UG diaphragm? what else does it contain?
external urethral sphincter , deep transverse perineal muscle. In males, bulbourethral gland is w/in it.
what forms the deep pouch
its in between the two layers of the UG diaphragm
Superficial pouch: what is it in males and females? what encloses it? Where can fluids in it go? what does the pouch contain
scrotum and labia majora. Colles’ fascia. Blood or urine can only pass upward into body wall. Contains everything superficial to UG diaphragm (penis, clit, ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus mm., etc)
what is cut in midline episiotomy? mediolateral?
Midline: central tendon of perineum and wall of vagina.
Mediolateral: UG diaphragm, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle, and wall f vagina
What rami form the pudendal nerve? what are the three branches?
Ventral rami of S2,3,4. Somatic innervation of both diaphragms, genitals, ext anal sphinc, skin of perineum. Inferior rectal, perineal, dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris.
difference b/w pudendal nerve block and sacral epidural
pudendal: anesthetizes UG and pelvic diaphragms. Epidural: also does cervix
where do blood vessels to pelvic viscera come from?
internal iliac except: upper rectum (inf mesenteric), gonads (test/ovarian arteries from aorta)
name all erectile tissues of penis and mm. surrounding them
left and right crus, bulb, L&R corpus cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, glans.
Ischio-cavernosus around each crus facilitates erection. Bulbospongiosus around bulb expels last drops of urine and contracts during ejaculation
mesosalpinx vs mesovarium vs mesometrium
upper part of broad ligament, post extension of broad ligament, broad ligament
Where does ovarian artery travel?
through suspensory ligament of the ovary