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Blood Module - 3rd year > 2009 module exam > Flashcards

2009 module exam Flashcards

1
Q

A person with blood group A received blood from someone with blood group B. what will likely happen?

A

B antigens of the donor blood will react with anti-B antibodies of the recipient blood

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2
Q

Which of the following is activated in cases of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia?

a.
b.
c. Antibodies

A

c. Antibodies

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3
Q

What are involved in type II hypersensitivity?

A

Complement, antibodies, natural killers

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4
Q

A patient with a damage to his terminal ileum will suffer from which type of anemia?

a.
b. B12 deficiency
c. Folate

A

b. B12 deficiency

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5
Q

A patient with a damage to his terminal ileum will suffer from which type of anemia?

A

B12 deficiency

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6
Q

A 27-year-old male showed lymphadenopathy. PBS showed large binucleated cells. What could cause this?

A

EBV

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7
Q

What is used to activate stem cell mobilization for transplantation?

A

G-CSF

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8
Q

A patient showed signs of jaundice and pallor. Low Hb, low WBC, Low platelets, and hepatosplenomegaly. What must be noticed?

A

Increased reticulocyte count

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9
Q

For the previous question, what is a characteristic of this condition?

A

Increased urinary Urobilinogen

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10
Q

What is the correct order of the stages of hematopoiesis?

A

Yolk sac, liver, placenta, bone marrow

this is wrong, the placenta has nothing to do with it

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11
Q

An old man was seen to have prostate cancer. CBC showed low WBC, low Hb, low platelets. What is the leading cause?

A

Bone marrow hypoplasia

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12
Q

A patient showed hepatosplenomegaly and cervical lymphadenopathy. CBC showed high WBC, low platelets, low Hb. What is the cause?

A

Chronic lymphoid leukemia

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13
Q

Which of the following is a negative regulator of hemoglobin affinity for O2?

A

2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

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14
Q

A 55-year-old female presented with 1 month of history of fever and weight loss. CT scan showed mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy showed back-to-back follicles. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Follicular lymphoma

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15
Q

What is the translocation in Follicular lymphoma?

A

BCL-2 rearrangement

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16
Q

A 45-year-old male presented with upper abdominal pain. WBC is normal, low Hb, low MCV, low MCH, high PLT. What is the cause?

A

Fe++ deficiency

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17
Q

Which of the following could be a genetic abnormality of patients with CML?

A

Abnormal tyrosine kinase activation

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18
Q

What characterize naturally occurring antibodies in the ABO system?

A

IgM

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19
Q

Which test is done to check for the absence of serum antibodies?

A

Indirect coomb’s test

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20
Q

Which protein will be decreased if HJV protein is mutated?

A

Hepcidin

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21
Q

A patient showed leukocytosis and basophilia. What condition is related to this?

A

CML

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22
Q

A 40-year-old male developed DVT. His PT, APTT, and TT were all abnormal. What is the cause?

A

Anti-thrombin deficiency

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23
Q

A 17-year-old boy with hematoma and bruises on his body. Coagulation profile shows prolonged APTT. What is the cause?

A

Factor VIII deficiency

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24
Q

A 30-year-old male works in a petrol station with low Hb, low WBC, low platelets, and fever. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

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25
Q

Teenage girl with generalized ecchymosis and petechial rash. Normal Hb and WBC, and low platelets.

A

Immune-mediated thrombocytopenic purpura

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26
Q

Patient has fever and gum bleeding. He was diagnosed with E.Coli. he showed hepatosplenomegaly. Which test is performed to diagnose the patient?

A

D-Dimer

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27
Q

What is essential in the homing process in transplanted stem cells?

A

Adhesion molecules

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28
Q

What is a physiologically important molecule in coagulation in adhesion?

A

vWF

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29
Q

a patient with prolonged APTT that was not corrected by normal plasma shows

A

antiphopholipid antibodies

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30
Q

A 16-year-old boy with a history of malaise, fever, difficulty swallowing, and hepatosplenomegaly. CBC showed lymphocytosis with atypical lymphocytes. What is the cause?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

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31
Q

A woman developed anemia after eating 3 falafel sandwiches. What is the pathogenesis of this condition?

A

Oxidative damage to RBC membrane

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32
Q

A woman developed anemia after eating 3 falafel sandwiches. How can you confirm a diagnosis?

A

Measure G6PD levels

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33
Q

A 32-year-old male suffers from fatigue, fever, and gum bleeding. Peripheral blood smear showed circulating immature cells. What is the result?

A

Acute leukemia

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34
Q

A patient is having frequent episodes of fever and anemia. PBS showed spherocytes. How can we diagnose the condition?

A

Osmotic fragility test

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35
Q

A 5-year-old boy with epistaxis. CBC was normal and CF profile showed high APTT. What is the likely cause?

A

vWD

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36
Q

a 45-year-old male complaining of dizziness. He had treatment for TB that affected his terminal ileum. CBC showed high MCV, low Hb and the rest were normal. What is the cause?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

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37
Q

What is the physiological trigger of the coagulation cascade?

A

Tissue Factor

38
Q

A patient is taking oral anticoagulant as a treatment, what do we check to see that the treatment is working?

a. APTT
b. TT
c. PT

A

c. PT

39
Q

What is the composition of the pale areas of the thrombus?

A

Fibrin + platelets

40
Q

What are classical features of bleeding episodes in primary hemostatic defects?

A

Immediate, mucocutaneous

41
Q

Why are sickle cell patients more prone to infections?

A

Autosplenectomy

42
Q

What is the mechanism of ticlopidine?

A

Inhibit ADP-dependent pathway of platelets aggregation

43
Q

What is the key enzyme of fibrinolytic system?

A

Plasmin

44
Q

By exposure to which tissue is the coagulation cascade induced?

A

Subendothelium of the connective tissue

45
Q

On routine testing, a gardener has Ova and parasites in his stool. CBC showed anemia. Which type blood cells will be increased in his blood?

A

Eosinophils

46
Q

A patient developed gum bleeding after taking aspirin. What is the problem?

A

Platelets dysfunction

47
Q

A male with renal impairment, hypercalcemia, and showed monoclonal antibodies. Whats a likely diagnosis?

A

Plasma cell myeloma

48
Q

How do DIC lead to anemia?

A

Mechanical RBC destruction

49
Q

What should a patient with APC-R would show abnormalities in?

A

Factor-V-leiden

50
Q

Which drug inhibits DHFR (DiHydroFolate Reductase)?

A

Methotrexate

51
Q

If a patient has developed iron overload. What is the best drug for his treatment?

A

Deferasirox

52
Q

What is the pro-drug that may lead to hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Cyclophosphamide

53
Q

Antibody against which cytokine would help in treating anemia of a chronic disease?

a. IL-4
b. IL-6
c. IL-10
d. TGF-Beta
e. IFN-Gamma

A

b. IL-6

54
Q

A patient suffer from a mutation in factor X. when checking the vitamin K levels, they were normal. What is the defected protein coagulation factor?

A

Glutamine

55
Q

How does protamine sulphate inhibit heparin?

A

Binding to it and forming an inactive complex

56
Q

A 64-year-old woman with six months history of vague pain and aches in her chest. She has low Hb, elevated ESR, and monoclonal proteins in her gamma region. No paraproteins were found in the urine. What is the diagnosis?

a. Multiple myeloma
b. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

A

a. Multiple myeloma

57
Q

Which drug acts on fibrin bound and circulating plasminogen?

A

Streptokinase

58
Q

What causes suppression of trileanage hematopoiesis?

A

TNF-Beta

59
Q

14-year-old anemic girl with howell-jolly bodies. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Sickle-cell anemia

60
Q

A 22-year-old boy presented with two days history of fever, dizziness, passing dark-colored urine. Peripheral blood smear shows spherocytes and direct coombs test is negative. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

61
Q

Lymph node biopsy showed t (14,18) for a 70-year-old female. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Follicular lymphoma

62
Q

Lymph node biopsy showed t (14,18) for a 70-year-old female. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Follicular lymphoma

63
Q

Protection of B12 from degradation in stomach is via

a. Gastric intrinsic factor
b. Haptocorrin

A

b. Haptocorrin

64
Q

What binds to B12 in duodenum?

a. IF
b. Cubulin

A

a. IF

65
Q

A 35-year-old patient with symptoms of anemia, and peripheral blood smear showed spherocytes

A

DAT

66
Q

A boy with joint swelling and bruises. His coagulation profile shows prolonged APTT. How do we treat him?

A

Concentrated factor VIII

67
Q

What’s a Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor?

A

Imatinib

68
Q

Which drug leads to cross-matches DNA?

A

Procarbazine

69
Q

A patient with DVT and showed a prolonged APTT. What’s the diagnosis?

a. Lupus anticoagulant
b. Dysfibrinogenemia

A

a. Lupus anticoagulant

70
Q

A patient with fever showed neutrophils & toxic degranulation. Whats the cause?

A

Bacterial infection

71
Q

A patient with fever showed neutrophils & toxic degranulation. What does this indicate?

A

Bacterial infection

72
Q

What is the gene involved in follicular lymphoma?

A

BCL-2

73
Q

Hemoglobin 60 g/L, MCV 70 fL. Peripheral blood smear shows pencil cells and target cells. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

74
Q

50-year-old transfusion dependent female complained of severe epistaxis. She showed signs of pallor. Blood smear showed macrocytic anemia and hypolobulated neutrophils. What’s the diagnosis?

A

MDS

75
Q

Patient with gum bleeding, anemia, and fever. Peripheral blood smear showed intracytoplasmic rods. What’s the diagnosis?

A

AML

76
Q

A 55-year-old male presented with DVT in his right leg. CBC revealed raised hemoglobin and hematocrin levels. A mutation in JAK-2 was shown. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Polycythemia Vera

77
Q

A transfusion dependent patient with diabetes mellitus and splenectomy. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Thalassemia major

78
Q

Patient’s peripheral blood smear shows normocytosis, spherocytosis, and a positive DAH. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Immune-mediated hemolysis

79
Q

What is used to increase the excretion of iron with deferoxamine?

A

Vitamin C

80
Q

Which drug has poor compliance and bioavailability?

A

Deferoxamine

81
Q

A patient developed chills, fever, and flank pain one hour after having blood transfusion. What occured?

A

ABO blood type incompatibility

82
Q

A patient had a blood transfusion. One hour later he developed itchiness on the chest. What occured?

A

Allergy

83
Q

A 60-year-old male with dizziness, and a history of an upper small intestinal removal. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

84
Q

A patient had gastrectomy 5 years ago and now he is anemic. What was the cause of the anemia?

A

B12 deficiency

85
Q

A young boy with elevated leukocytes alkaline phosphatase, fever, and high WBC count. What’s most likely?

a. Viral infection
b. Leukomoid reaction

A

b. Leukomoid reaction

86
Q

A 50-year-old patient with thalassemia major requires blood transfusions every 4-6 weeks. What would be the consequence?

A

Iron overload in the liver and heart

87
Q

A patient has low platelets levels, low hemoglobin levels, and his PBS showed tear drop RBCs and circulating myelocytes. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Primary myelofibrosis

88
Q

A 20-year-old woman suffers from excessive menorrhagia, her mother had the same problem. What’s the diagnosis?

A

Van Willebrand disease

89
Q

8-year-old poorly taken care of boy suffers from generalized bruises and factors II, VII, IX, X deficiencies. What is the cause?

A

Vitamin K deficiency

90
Q

Which is the most common inherited thrombophilic defect?

A

APC-R

91
Q

Which WBC cell results from the fragment from the parent cell?

A

Platelets

92
Q

A 25-year-old lady in her second pregnancy. She is Rh- and her husband is Rh+. What do you look for?

A

Anti D antibodies

Blood Module - 3rd year (16 decks)

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