20 - Two Systems Flashcards
What two pathways is reasoning considered to have? (Two Systems Cognitive)
1) Intuitive (fast system)
2) Deliberate (slow system)
What did Dijksterhuis et al (2006) find in relation to the 3 posters and their reasoning strategy? (Two Systems Cognitive)
- Immediately after, deliberation group were most satisfied with their choice
- 1 month later, quick look/anagram/quick decision group were most happy with their choice
What did Stanovich and West (2000) believe? (Two Systems Cognitive)
- System 1 = active
- System 2 = low-mode state
- Can be shown through the invisible gorilla/basketball pass example
What did Goel find? (Two Systems Cognitive)
Cognitive neuropsychology shows that different brain regions are involved with different reasoning
What evidence has been found that shows an unconscious influence on system 1, effecting system 2? (Two Systems Cognitive)
- Bargh et al (1996) = after unscrambling words, if they were associated with the elderly, then p’s would walk out the room slower
- Berger et al (2008) = P’s were more likely to vote for increased school funding if the polling station is in a school
What evidence has been found that explains an unconscious influence on system 1, that is undetected by system 2? (Two Systems Cognitive)
- Bateson et al (2006)
- Pictures of faces (eyes watching you) vs flowers were analysed
- Money put in an honesty box increased with the face condition
Priming effects that are not noticed by system 2 leads to what? (Two Systems Cognitive)
Discrimination belief because system 2 is unaware of their influence
What is cognitive ease and what does it lead to? (Two Systems Cognitive)
- Where thinking seems easy
- Reliance on system 1
What is the behaviour for system 1 seen as? (Two Systems Cognitive)
WYSIATI (what you see is all there is)
What does WYSIATI explain? (Two Systems Cognitive)
- Jumping to conclusions
- Over confidence
- Base-rate neglect
What is system 2 seen as? (Two Systems Cognitive)
Logical, but lazy and easily fatigued
What does evolutionary traits mean in relation to system 1? (Two Systems Cognitive)
System 1 is mostly accurate but sometimes will make errors, e.g. illusions
What is substitution and what system is it designated to? (Two Systems Cognitive)
- Changing a problem to make it easier to understand/interpret
- System 1
What was found with inaccurate substitution in system 1? (Two Systems Cognitive)
- Todorov et al (2008/9) = P’s form judgements very quickly of mistrust by faces alone
- Strack et al (1998) = The order in which 2 questions were asked affected the answers
What are affective heuristics and how do they effect our beliefs? (Two Systems Cognitive)
- Likes and dislikes
- System 2 is more likely to question the conclusions
- Leads to magical thinking
