19 - Language Disorders Flashcards
What is aphasia? (Disorders Cognitive)
The impairment or loss of language production due to brain damage
What are characteristics of aphasia? (Disorders Cognitive)
- Does not impair intelligence
- Typically occur through head trauma or stroke
What is apraxia? (Disorders Cognitive)
Impairment of motor function
What area is critical in excessive aphasia and where is it in the brain? (Disorders Cognitive)
- Brocas area
- Front of the brain
What area is critical in receptive aphasia and where is it in the brain? (Disorders Cognitive)
- Wernickles area
- Back of the brain
What is excessive aphasia? (Disorders Cognitive)
Impairment of fluent production, characterised by effortful, ungrammatical speech, where comprehension is not impaired
What is receptive aphasia? (Disorders Cognitive)`
Impaired comprehension, fluent (but meaningless) speech production, with difficulty understanding
What did Miozzo (2003) find in relation to english speaking aphasics? (Disorders Cognitive)
- Produced past tense for words
- Produced the plural for nouns
- Significant less accurate in irregular formed words
What did Miozzo (2011) find in relation to patients with selective deficits in bilingual aphasics? (Disorders Cognitive)
- Impairment was consistent across both languages
- Shared neural substrate between languages that represent morphological and lexical information
What did Fabbro (2001) find? (Disorders Cognitive)
13 bilingual aphasics showed parallel recovery (between L₁ and L₂
In mutes, when studying sign language, lesions to the left hemisphere resulted in what? (Disorders Cognitive)
Similar patterns of impairment, so sign language recruits the same brain areas as spoken language
Sign language has its own what? (Disorders Cognitive)
Phonology
What differences were found by Reilly et al (1990) between sign language and spoken language? (Disorders Cognitive)
Grammaticised facial expressions are obligatory for grammatical communication
What differences were found by Bettger et al (1997) between sign language and spoken language? (Disorders Cognitive)
Grammaticised facial expressions lead to facial discrimination ability
What is synaesthesia? (Disorders Cognitive)
The production of a sense impression relating to another sense e.g. tasting words or seeing colours on numbers
What is grapheme-colour synaesthesia? (Disorders Cognitive)
Seeing words or letters and automatically and consistently evoking experiences of colour
When looking at black and white text, what is shown through neuro-images in synaesthesics? (Disorders Cognitive)
Activation of the hv4 (colour processing area)
What is prosody? (Disorders Cognitive)
The patterns of stress and intonation in language
How does prosody affect synaesthesics? (Disorders Cognitive)
Generally colour a word by the first letter, but when the stress of the word is manipulated, the word is coloured like the stress part of the word
What are compound words? (Disorders Cognitive)
Composed of two constituent words e.g. rain + bow = rainbow
How do compound words and synaesthesics relate to lexicon? (Disorders Cognitive)
- 1 colour for rainbow = stored as a whole word (lexicallised)
- 2 colours for rainbow = stored as constituents (decomposed)
