19 - Language Disorders

Question 1

What is aphasia? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 1

The impairment or loss of language production due to brain damage

Question 2

What are characteristics of aphasia? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 2

• Does not impair intelligence

- Typically occur through head trauma or stroke

Question 3

What is apraxia? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 3

Impairment of motor function

Question 4

What area is critical in excessive aphasia and where is it in the brain? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 4

• Brocas area

- Front of the brain

Question 5

What area is critical in receptive aphasia and where is it in the brain? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 5

• Wernickles area

- Back of the brain

Question 6

What is excessive aphasia? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 6

Impairment of fluent production, characterised by effortful, ungrammatical speech, where comprehension is not impaired

Question 7

What is receptive aphasia? (Disorders Cognitive)`

Answer 7

Impaired comprehension, fluent (but meaningless) speech production, with difficulty understanding

Question 8

What did Miozzo (2003) find in relation to english speaking aphasics? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 8

• Produced past tense for words
• Produced the plural for nouns
• Significant less accurate in irregular formed words

Question 9

What did Miozzo (2011) find in relation to patients with selective deficits in bilingual aphasics? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 9

• Impairment was consistent across both languages

- Shared neural substrate between languages that represent morphological and lexical information

Question 10

What did Fabbro (2001) find? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 10

13 bilingual aphasics showed parallel recovery (between L₁ and L₂

Question 11

In mutes, when studying sign language, lesions to the left hemisphere resulted in what? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 11

Similar patterns of impairment, so sign language recruits the same brain areas as spoken language

Question 12

Sign language has its own what? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 12

Phonology

Question 13

What differences were found by Reilly et al (1990) between sign language and spoken language? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 13

Grammaticised facial expressions are obligatory for grammatical communication

Question 14

What differences were found by Bettger et al (1997) between sign language and spoken language? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 14

Grammaticised facial expressions lead to facial discrimination ability

Question 15

What is synaesthesia? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 15

The production of a sense impression relating to another sense e.g. tasting words or seeing colours on numbers

Question 16

What is grapheme-colour synaesthesia? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 16

Seeing words or letters and automatically and consistently evoking experiences of colour

Question 17

When looking at black and white text, what is shown through neuro-images in synaesthesics? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 17

Activation of the hv4 (colour processing area)

Question 18

What is prosody? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 18

The patterns of stress and intonation in language

Question 19

How does prosody affect synaesthesics? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 19

Generally colour a word by the first letter, but when the stress of the word is manipulated, the word is coloured like the stress part of the word

Question 20

What are compound words? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 20

Composed of two constituent words e.g. rain + bow = rainbow

Question 21

How do compound words and synaesthesics relate to lexicon? (Disorders Cognitive)

Answer 21

• 1 colour for rainbow = stored as a whole word (lexicallised)
• 2 colours for rainbow = stored as constituents (decomposed)