20. Mary- social and economic change

Question 1

explain intellectual developments?

Answer 1

• anti-marian propaganda was written by protestant exiles eg. John Knox (a scottish clergyman who believed that women ruling over men, went against nature, used book of genesis to justify views
• believed resistance to the ‘tyrant’ Mary was legal

Question 2

explain humanist thoughts?

Answer 2

-replaced the bishops appointed under Edward with educated, humanist theologians, who were loyal to catholicism

Question 3

explain causes for economic and social downfall?

Answer 3

-55-56, heavy rain caused the worst harvests of the century= rises in price of grain and famine
-typhus killing 1/10 people =population fell drastically
(little Mary could do)
-inherited debts of 190,000 which swelled due to french war
-she tried to solve this by selling crown lands
-however was clear the government couldn’t function without new sources of revenue
=economic situation grew worse over the course of her reign

Question 4

explain the governments to reaction to the downturn of the economy?

Answer 4

-continue the policy started under Henry VIII, restricting movement of textiles and other industries from the towns to the countryside= lessen urban unemployment and reduces number of vagrants seeking work =short sighted

Question 5

explain the search for a new overseas market?

Answer 5

• needed to replace the trade lost with the decline of the Antwerp market
• in 1551, english ships had begun trade along the north african coast + attempts to find a north-east passage to the far east
• however overseas enterprise didn’t really make progress until Elizabeth as she was not scared of offending Spain and Portugal