16. Edward- Northumberland Flashcards
1
Q
explain religious reform under Northumberland?
A
- northumberland in securing his position in the privy council was keen to support people with radical views, catholics were losing their prominent positions eg. Gardiner imprisoned
- Jan 1552: parliament= number of religious reforms discussed
- treason act: offence to question the royal supremacy 2. prayer book: removed all traces of catholicism and the mass (under possible life imprisonment)
=the church of England becoming protestant
2
Q
explain religious beliefs under Edward VI+ influence of humanism?
A
- some works by Erasmus were published during Edward’s reign
- humanist ideas became linked to emerging protestant doctrines
- this became linked to the development of education exampled by a humanist, protestant being one of Edwards tutors
- there is a link between the educated elite and protestantism and they were educated people keen to spread knowledge
3
Q
explain foreign policy with France?
A
- changed the direction of foreign policy
- willing to sacrifice influence in Scotland, to focus on internal English problems
- future friendship with France may be valuable against Spain/Rome (catholics)
- 1550: Boulogne peace treaty with France = return Boulogne+ remove garrisons in Scotland+ Scot/End boarder restored + marriage between Eliza+ Ed (motivated by a need to restore the crowns finances and secure stability at home, following kett’s rebellion)
4
Q
explain economic problems?
A
- following Somerset’s costly war government had to borrow from European bankers
- debasement of coinage under Henry= inflation, so coins recalled and re-issued with same silver content as b4
- population rising= less food
- poor harvests in early 1550’s= grain price rise rapidly
- social unrest and uprisings
5
Q
explain how economic problems were dealt with?
A
- sheep tax repealed 1550
- new treason act to re-impose censorship and help law and order
- anti-enclosure legislation enforced
6
Q
explain trade and exploration?
A
- encouraged the expansion of trade routes
- by 1553 english ships were making advances
- through exploration diplomatic links were made with the Tsar of Muscovy= encouragement of trade between the two countries THE BEGINNING OF ENGLISH EXPLORATION THAT CONTINUED INTO MARY AND ELIZABETHS REIGN
7
Q
explain the succession crisis?
A
- Edward signed the agreement days before his death 1553
- these declared Mary and Elizabeth were illegitimate
- Edward died earlier that expected 6 july 1553 leaving Northumberland unprepared
- Mary fled to Norfolk to muster forces, people supported her as they respected her legitimacy and hated Northumberland
- the only support LJG had was in Scotland
- northumberland saw the lack of supported and changed the line of succession + surrendered to Mary
- Mary killed Northumberland+ ring leaders
- reluctant to kill LJG has she was an innocent but an attempted rebellion in her name meant that she had to
8
Q
explain the cause of the succession crisis?
A
- looked like Edward wouldn’t live long enough to become king (tuberculosis)
- they knew Mary was a committed Catholic and had strong relationship with her cousin Emperor Charles
- realised if she succeeded, former protestant policies would be washed aside, along with the men that implemented them
- northumberland wanted to protect his position in court = altering succession
9
Q
explain reasons Northumberland gave to alternate the succession?
A
- Mary was made illegitimate when Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon broke down, although she had been restored= it was damaging
- Henry’s will had not set aside claims of his younger sisters family’s claim to the throne
10
Q
what did the succession crisis show about the Tudor dynasty?
A
- how vulnerable the country was to political corruption
- also showed how secure the tudor dynasty was as Mary rallied volunteers who supported her claim
- the only successful coup against the tudors only lasted 9 days
