12. Henry VIII-Religion Flashcards
explain the pilgrimage of grace
- 1536
- Most important and pivotal reaction to the reformation and religious changes can be evidenced by the, Henry could not easily crush.
- This opposition, which at first was quite minimal as people did not realize the long-term significance of the changes taking place, whilst others benefited from the changes e.g. noblemen and the dissolution of monasteries worth under £200 from 1536, households were also being assessed for payment of new taxes
- Confirmed that the central government was interfering in everyday life
- However this movement came about due to a mixture of social and religious grievances making the north especially feel attacked and became quite popular involving both gentry and nobility Inc. the duke of Suffolk and lord Aske. =35,000
- they proclaimed their loyalty to religion
explain henry’s response to the pilgrimage of grace?
- The act of six articles (1539): reinforced existing heresy laws and reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine as the basis of faith for the English Church.
- He wiped out an inconsequential branch of the Yorkist family in the Exeter conspiracy (1530-40)
- Used diplomacy to deal with the matter even though he was at a great disadvantage, promising a pardon resulting in their dissolution in December. As a result he gained the names of rebels who had taken part and with the enforcement of ‘six articles’ was able to execute the conspirators
- Furthermore, whole point of rebellion was moot as none of the demands from the ’24 articles’ (aimed at the removal of the kings advisors, mainly cromwell) were met.
Reasons for Henry viii break with Rome
- influenced by Anne Boleyn
- desire for male heir
- desire for power
- Anne refusing to become mistress
- pope taken prisoner by by Charles V in 1527
- anticlericalism
explain anticlericalism as a factor for Henry’s break with rome?
The church was…
- corrupt
- abused its power
- people were dissatisfied with church running
- Henry could then dictate the religious future
- have more power
- divorce
explain Henry’s renaissance ideas?
- interested in theology and had read Martin Luther’s Babylonian captivity of the church, which attacked papal power
- Henry was later made defender of the faith by Pope Leo X 1521
- title was revoked by Pope Paul III (1536) following the break with Rome and he was excommunicated
- Henry made parliament give him the title in 1544 as he was now defender of the Anglican faith
explain reform of the church?
- this reform demonstrated Henry’s desire for a male heir; the rise of Anne Boleyn and her opposition to Wolsey; and his belief in Anticlericalism= polarising issue during 1529
- the act of ‘ten articles’
- 1538 royal injunctions: english bible to be placed in every church = crucial part of the evangelical doctrine
- viewed as a humanist reform and can be described as an Erasmian
explain the dissolution of the monasteries?
- they played a significant role in village life as shelter, education and medicine
- by 16th cent they were in decline
- the dissolution was a 2 stage process:
- 1536: smaller monasteries closed by statute with 250 of churches assessed at £200 being closed
- 1537/40: houses occupying land £200+ forced to surrender by 1540= all monasteries were gone
- debate as to whether it was part of an ecclesiastical reform, or due to financial opportunism
explain his later years and ‘swing back to Catholicism?
-the twin scares of the pilgrimage of grace and threat of Franco-Imperial invasion (1538)= henry anxious to show his catholic credentials
**Haigh: hyperbolically claims the king ‘stopped his reformation dead’
-Cromwell sent to the scaffold (1540) and 3 evangelicals were burnt for heresy+ all women bellow gentry forced to read scripture. (showing his catholic nature to quell war/rebellion)
-BUT… monasteries and shines never restored,a nd Henry wouldn’t abandon his supremacy over the church= not swing back to Catholicism
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