20. Cranial Nerves 1-6

Question 1

What is the name of the first cranial nerve?

Answer 1

Olfactory

Question 2

Where do signals from the olfactory tract go?

Answer 2

Medial and lateral olfactory stria

Question 3

Where do signals from the olfactory stria go?

Answer 3

Temporal lobe

Question 4

Where do olfactory signals from the temporal lobe go?

Answer 4

Olfactory cortex

Question 5

What are the parts of the olfactory cortex?

Answer 5

Piriform cortex
Amygdala
Enterhinal cortex

Question 6

Where do signals from the olfactory cortex go?

Answer 6

Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 7

How can you test the first cranial nerve?

Answer 7

Test smell in each nostril

Question 8

What is the name of the second cranial nerve?

Answer 8

Optic nerve

Question 9

How can you test the second cranial nerve?

Answer 9

Snellen chart
Visual field test
Pupillary light reflex

Question 10

What is the visual field?

Answer 10

Total area of each eye where we can see images

Question 11

What is it called when the visual field is tested using instruments?

Answer 11

Perimetry

Question 12

What is papilloedema?

Answer 12

Swelling of the optic disc

Question 13

What is papilloedema caused by?

Answer 13

Increased ICP

Question 14

What nucleus in the midbrain do some fibres from the eye synapse in?

Answer 14

Pretectorial nucleus

Question 15

What parasympathetic nucleus is stimulated in the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 15

Edinger-Westphal

Question 16

What muscle do post ganglionic parasympathetic neurons act on in the pupillary light reflex?

Answer 16

Constrictor pupillae

Question 17

What does PEARL test?

Answer 17

Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light
Midbrain,
Optic nerve
Occulomotor nerve

Question 18

What is the test for cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6?

Answer 18

Ask patient to keep their head still and ask them to follow your finger as you make a H shape in the air
Watch for nystagmus, diplopsia

Question 19

What is the name of the third cranial nerve?

Answer 19

Occulomotor

Question 20

Which muscles does the occulomotor nerve act on?

Answer 20

Levator palpebrae superioris
superior, inferior and medial rectus
inferior oblique

Question 21

What reflexes travel in III?

Answer 21

Pupillary light reflex

Accommodation

Question 22

Which cranial nerves run in the brainstem midline?

Answer 22

3, 4, 6, 12

Question 23

Which cranial nerves run in the lateral brainstem?

Answer 23

5, 7, 9, 11

Question 24

What is the name of the fourth cranial nerve?

Answer 24

Trochlear

Question 25

Which muscle does the trochlear nerve act on?

Answer 25

Superior oblique

Question 26

Which cranial nerves leave through the pons?

Answer 26

5, 6, 7, 8

Question 27

Which cranial nerves leave through the medulla?

Answer 27

9, 10, 11, 12

Question 28

Which cranial nerves leave above the brainstem?

Answer 28

1, 2

Question 29

Which cranial nerves leave in the brainstem?

Answer 29

3, 4

Question 30

What is the name of the sixth cranial nerve?

Answer 30

Abducens

Question 31

Which muscle does abducens control?

Answer 31

Lateral rectus

Question 32

What are the signs of an extradural hematoma?

Answer 32

Pupil will initially constrict and later dilate on the same side as the hematoma

Question 33

What is the name of the fifth cranial nerve?

Answer 33

Trigeminal

Question 34

How is the 5th cranial nerve tested?

Answer 34

Corneal reflex

Test for fine touch in the area of each of its branches

Question 35

Which muscle is involved in the corneal reflex?

Answer 35

Orbicularis oculi

Question 36

Which nerves are involved in the corneal reflex?

Answer 36

Afferent: Opthalamic
Efferent: facial

Question 37

What is lens accommodation?

Answer 37

Adaptation of the eye to look at near objects

Question 38

What actions happen in accommodation?

Answer 38

Increase in lens curvature
Constrict pupil
Convergence of the eye

Question 39

What muscle causes convergence of the eye in accommodation?

Answer 39

Medial rectus