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NSB > 16. Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

16. Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What week of development do the pharyngeal arches develop in?

A

4th/5th

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2
Q

What germ layer is found in the clefts?

A

Endoderm

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3
Q

What germ layer is found in the pouches?

A

Ectoderm

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4
Q

What is derived from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

Malleus and incus

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5
Q

What is derived from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Stapes
Styloid process
Stylohyoid ligament
Lesser horn of hyoid

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6
Q

What is derived from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Greater horn of hyoid

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7
Q

What is derived from the 4th pharyngeal arch?

A

Upper thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

What happens to the 5th pharyngeal arch?

A

Disappears

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9
Q

What is derived from the 6th pharyngeal arch?

A

Rest of the thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

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10
Q

What is derived from the 1st pharyngeal cleft?

A

External acoustic meatus

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11
Q

What happens if the 2nd, 3rd and 4th clefts don’t disappear?

A

Cervical cysts

Presents as lumps under the sternocleidomastoid

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12
Q

What is it called if cervical cysts are open to the surface?

A

External branchial fistula

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13
Q

What do internal branchial fistulas open into?

A

Bed of palatine tonsils

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14
Q

What is derived from the 1st pharyngeal pouch?

A

Middle ear

Eustachian tube

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15
Q

What is derived from the 2nd pharyngeal pouch?

A

Palatine tonsils

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16
Q

What is derived from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch?

A

Inferior parathyroid

Thymus

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17
Q

What is derived from the 4th pharyngeal pouch?

A

Superior parathyroid

Ultimobranchial body

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18
Q

What does the ultimobranchial body become?

A

Parafollicular cells of the thyroid

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19
Q

What are 2 defects in the 1st arch?

A

Treacher Collins

Robin Sequence

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of Treacher Collins Syndrome?

A

Hypoplasia of maxilla, mandible and zygomatic arches

Associated with cleft palate and external ear defects

21
Q

What are the triad of conditions in Robin Sequence?

A

Micrognathia
Glossoptosis
Cleft palate

22
Q

What is micrognathia?

A

Poor growth of mandible

23
Q

What is glossoptosis?

A

Posteriorly placed tongue

24
Q

Name a syndrome of 3rd and 4th arch defects?

A

DiGeorge anomaly

25
Q

What are the symptoms of DiGeorge anomaly?

A

No thymus or parathyroid glands
Persistant truncus arteriosus
Abnormal external ear
Micrognathia

26
Q

What is the innervation of the 1st arch?

A

Mandibular

27
Q

What is the innervation of the 2nd arch?

28
Q

What is the innervation of the 3rd arch?

A

Glossopharyngeal

29
Q

What is the innervation of the 4th to 6th arches?

30
Q

What is the blood supply to the 1st arch?

31
Q

What is the blood supply to the 3rd arch?

A

Common and internal carotids

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the 4th arch?

A

Left: aortic arch
Right: Subclavian

33
Q

What is the blood supply to the 6th arch?

A

Left: Ductus arteriosis and left pulmonary
Right: right pulmonary

34
Q

What muscles arise from the 1st arch?

A

Muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid
Anterior digastric
Tensor palati and tympani

35
Q

What muscles arise from the 2nd arch?

A

Muscles of facial expression
Posterior digastric
Stylohyoid

36
Q

Which parts of the tongue come from the 1st arch?

A

Lateral lingual swelling
Medial swelling
Tuberculum impar

37
Q

Which parts of the tongue come from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th arches?

38
Q

What does the epiglottis develop from?

A

Swelling from the 4th arch

39
Q

What is behind the swelling of the epiglottis?

A

Laryngeal orifice

Arytenoid swellings

40
Q

How is the anterior 2/3 of the tongue formed?

A

Lateral lingual swellings overgrow the tuberculum impar and merge

41
Q

What separates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue from the posterior 1/3?

A

Terminal sulcus

42
Q

Where does the thyroid develop?

A

Foramen cecum of tongue

43
Q

What fuses to form the palate?

A

Intermaxillary segment

Maxillary processes

44
Q

What are the issues with a cleft palate?

A

Food may go down the trachea

Nasal escape

45
Q

What prominences make up the face?

A

Facial, maxillary, mandibular, frontonasal and nasal

46
Q

How is the nose formed?

A

Maxillary processes grow medially
Compress the nasal prominences in the midline
Fuse together

47
Q

What forms the upper lip?

A

2 medial nasal prominences

2 maxillary prominences

48
Q

What forms the lower lip and jaw?

A

Mandibular prominences

NSB (22 decks)

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