Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NSB > 12. Limbic System and Hypothalamus > Flashcards

12. Limbic System and Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A 
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Food ingestion
Thermoregulation
Reproduction
Immune responses
Circadian rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What inputs are brought to the hypothalamus via the blood?

A

Hormones: growth, catecholamines, sex hormones
Chemical: pH, glucose
Physical: temperature, osmolarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the neural inputs to the hypothalamus?

A

Nucleus solitarius in the medulla: barorecptors, chemoreceptors
Reticular formation in pons and medulla: alertness and arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What hypothalamic outputs are in the blood?

A

Direct hormone release (ADH, oxytocin)

Stimulation of pituitary (hypophyseal portal system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What neural outputs does the hypothalamus have?

A

Autonomic effects

Limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which hypothalamic nuclei are in contact with the posterior pituitary?

A

Supraoptic

Paraventricular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is produced in supraoptic nuclei?

A

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are supraoptic nuclei stimulated by?

A

Increased osmolarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do paraventricular nuclei produce?

A

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which hypothalamic nuclei releases trophic hormones for the anterior pituitary?

A

Median eminence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Excess cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

Adrenal insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can the pressure of a hypothalamic/pituitary tumour cause?

A 
Compression of the optic chiasma
Bilateral hemianopsia (visual field loss)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What part of the embryonic brain is the hypothalamus part of?

A

Diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What part of the embryonic brain is the limbic system from?

A

Junction of the diencephalon and telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What structures are contained in the limbic system?

A 
Cingulate gyrus
Mammillary bodies
Fornix
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Septal nuclei
17
Q

Where are the mammillary bodies found?

A

Inferior surface of hypothalamus

Between brainstem and cerebrum

18
Q

What is the function of the mammillary bodies?

A

Short term memory
Smell
Direction

19
Q

What does the fornix connect?

A

Mammillary bodies to the hippocampus

20
Q

Where does decussation occur in the fornix?

A

Crus

21
Q

Where is the hippocampus?

A

Temporal lobe

Under inferior horn of the lateral ventricle

22
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A

Making new memories

23
Q

What is the name for the 3 layers of cells in the hippocampus?

A

Allocortex

24
Q

What is Alzheimer’s caused by?

A

Cortical degeneration, especially in the hippocampus

25
Q

Where is the amygdala found?

A

Anterior to tip of the hippocampus

26
Q

What does stimulation of the amygdala cause?

A

Intense emotions: fear and rage

27
Q

What is the result of damage to the amygdala?

A

Calmness

28
Q

What does stimulation of the nucleus accumbens result in?

A

Dopaminergic activity

Feeling of wellbeing

29
Q

How does cocaine work?

A

Inhibits reuptake of dopamine

Dopamine floods the medial forebrain

30
Q

How do amphetamines work?

A

Stimulate dopamine release

31
Q

What is the motor function of the nucleus accumbens?

A

Connected to the basal ganglia to cause motor expression of emotion

32
Q

What is the function of the septal area?

A

Reward and reinforcement

33
Q

What does damage to the septal nuclei result in?

A

Rage

34
Q

Which components of the limbic system play a role in reward?

A

Septal nuclei
Nucleus accumbens
Olfactory regions
Brainstem

35
Q

Which components of the limbic system play a role in punishment?

A

Thalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus

36
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome caused by?

A

Alcohol abuse

Affects B1 absorption which affects the limbic system

37
Q

What are the symptoms of Wernicke encephalopathy?

A

Confusion and coma
Occular signs
Ataxia

38
Q

What is ataxia?

A

Slurred speech, stumbling, incoordination

39
Q

What are the symptoms of Korsakoff Psychosis?

A

Memory loss and inability to form new memories after recovery

NSB (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions