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NSB > 14. Cognition, Assessment, Mental Health > Flashcards

14. Cognition, Assessment, Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the forebrain composed of?

A

Diencephalon

Cerebral hemispheres

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2
Q

What features are associated with the diencephalon?

A

Adaptability
Flexibility
Creativity

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3
Q

What is cognition?

A

Interrelated conscious or unconscious mental activities

Includes memory, visuospatial processing, executive processing

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4
Q

What are the functional areas of the frontal lobe?

A

Primary motor cortex
Premotor cortex
Prefrontal cortex

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5
Q

What function is associated with the primary motor cortex?

A

Gross and fine motor movement

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6
Q

What function is associated with the premotor cortex?

A

Planning and selecting movement

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7
Q

What function is associated with the prefrontal cortex?

A

Integration of sensory info

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8
Q

What are the signs of damage to the frontal lobe?

A

Problems thinking complexly, concentration, executive functions, sequencing and speed
Personality changes
Broca’s aphasia

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9
Q

What personality changes are associated with damage to the frontal lobe?

A

More placid
Disinhibited
Emotional instability
Social difficulty

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10
Q

What are executive functions?

A

Processes that underlie flexible goal-directed behaviour

Ability to achieve insight and awareness

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11
Q

What are examples of executive functions?

A 
Shift from one concept to another
Modify behaviour in light of new info
Piece info together
Manage multiple sources of info
Make use of relevant acquired knowledge
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12
Q

What test is used to assess executive function?

A

Wisconsin card sorting test

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13
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

A

Visuospatial location
Language
Attention
Learning of tasks requiring coordination of body in space

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14
Q

What are the functional parts of the parietal lobe?

A

Primary somatosensory cortex
Somatosensory unimodal association area
Multimodal sensory association area

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15
Q

What function is associated with the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Receives sensory info

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16
Q

What function is associated with the somatosensory unimodal association area?

A

Further processing of sensory info

17
Q

What function is associated with the multimodal sensory association area?

A

Integrates visual, auditory and movement stimuli

18
Q

What are the results of damage to the parietal lobe?

A

Neglect 1/2 field of vision
Apraxia
Agnosia
Difficulty integrating sensory information from various parts of the body
Difficulty with numbers in relation to one another
Difficulty manipulating objects

19
Q

How is damage to the parietal lobe assessed in rats?

A

Water maze

20
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Inability to carry out a movement

21
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability to recognise words, numbers or objects

22
Q

What are the functional areas of the occipital lobe?

A

Primary visual cortex

Visual unimodal association area

23
Q

What function is associated with the primary visual cortex?

A

Process information from the thalamus

24
Q

What function is associated with the visual unimodal association area?

A

Processing information from the primary visual cortex

25
Q

What are the results of damage to the occipital lobe?

A

Anton syndrome
Optic ataxia
Inability to recognise what is seen

26
Q

What is Anton Syndrome?

A

Loss of vision in a normal appearing eye
Stimuli are received but not processed
‘Denial’ of vision loss; brain makes up stimuli

27
Q

How is damage to the occipital lobe assessed?

A

Unable to recognise and recreate a drawing

28
Q

What information is processed in the temporal lobe?

A

Auditory, gustatory, visceral and olfactory

Facial recognition

29
Q

What are the functional areas of the temporal lobe?

A 
Primary auditory cortex
Auditory unimodal association area
Visual unimodal association area
Multimodal sensory association area
Limbic association area
Amygdala and hippocampus
30
Q

What are the functions of the amygdala?

A

Initial interpretation of sensory stimulus based on memory of past events
Fear and aggression

31
Q

What are the functions of the hippocampus?

A

Context for incoming info
Learning and memory
Dreams

32
Q

What are the results of damage to the temporal lobe?

A

Wernicke’s aphasia
Memory difficulties: left temporal lobe= unable to remember words
Right: Unable to remember music
Prosopagnosia

33
Q

What is prosopagnosia?

A

Inability to recognise faces

34
Q

How is damage to the temporal lobe assessed?

A

Draw an image from memory

Mini-mental state examination

35
Q

What is a healthy score on the mini-mental state examination?

A

27/30

36
Q

What cognitive deficits are there in someone with schizophrenia?

A

Attention
Working memory
Social cognition
Language

37
Q

What cognitive deficits are present with depression?

A

Incapacity for sustained effort due to decreased limbic dopaminergic signalling
Problems with decision making and initiating actions
Decreased pre-frontal control of emotional processing (bias towards negative stimuli)

NSB (22 decks)

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