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NSB > 19. Developmental Anatomy: Neural Crest, Eye, Ear > Flashcards

19. Developmental Anatomy: Neural Crest, Eye, Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Where do neural crest cells come from?

A

Lateral edge of neural ectoderm

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2
Q

Where do neural crest cells migrate once the neural fold is closed?

A

Into mesenchyme

Enter mesoderm

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3
Q

Which disease is due to the failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the bowel wall?

A

Hirschsprung’s disease

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4
Q

Why are there no bowel reflexes in Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

No parasympathetic plexus

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5
Q

Which parts of the bowel are most affected by Hirschsprung’s?

A

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

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6
Q

What does Hirschsprung’s disease present as?

A

Constipation
Vomiting
Abdominal distension

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7
Q

What is the first sign of eye development on day 22?

A

Pair of shallow grooves at the side of the forebrain

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8
Q

What are the outpocketings of forebrain known as?

A

Optic vesicles

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9
Q

What causes the changes needed for lens formation?

A

Vesicles come in contact with surface ectoderm

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10
Q

What is the optic cup formed by?

A

Invagination of the optic vesicle

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11
Q

What are the layers of the optic cup separated by?

A

Intraretinal space

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12
Q

What gap allows the hyaloid artery to reach the inner chamber of the eye?

A

Choroid fissure

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13
Q

What will eventually form the pupil?

A

Fused lips of the choroid fissure, which form a round opening in the optic cup

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14
Q

What forms the lens placode?

A

Elongated cells of the surface ectoderm

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15
Q

What happens at the canal of Schlemm?

A

Aqueous humour drains into venous circulation

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16
Q

What are the retina, iris and optic nerve derived from?

A

Neuroectoderm

17
Q

What are the lens and corneal epithelium derived from?

A

Surface ectoderm

18
Q

What does the mesoderm between the neuroectoderm and surface ectoderm form?

A

Fibrous and vascular coats of the eye

19
Q

What are the choroid, sclera and corneal endothelium derived from?

A

Neural crest cells

20
Q

What is a coloboma?

A

Choroid fissure fails to close

21
Q

What are the causes of congenital cataracts?

A

Genetics

Maternal rubella

22
Q

What is cyclopia?

A

Fusion of eyes due to loss of midline tissue

23
Q

What is the first sign of ear development?

A

Thickening of surface ectoderm on each side of rhombencephalon (Otic placodes)

24
Q

What are otic placodes known as once they invaginate?

A

Otic or auditory vesicles

25
Q

What does each otic vesicle divide into?

A

Ventral and dorsal parts

Differentiation forms ganglion cells for vestibulocochlear ganglia

26
Q

What is derived from the ventral part of the otic vesicle?

A

Saccule and Organ of Corti

27
Q

What is derived from the dorsal part of the otic vesicle?

A

Utricle
Semicircular canals
Endolymphatic duct

28
Q

What is the collective names for the structures formed by the ventral and dorsal vesicles?

A

Membranous labyrinth

29
Q

What happens to the otic vesicle in the 4th week?

A

Detaches from surface ectoderm

30
Q

What role do neural crest cells have in the ear?

A

Form bony labyrinth in temporal bone

31
Q

What forms the perilymphatic space?

A

Connective tissue closest to the membranous labyrinth degenerates

32
Q

What is the tympanic cavity derived from?

A

1st pharyngeal pouch

33
Q

What comes from the distal part of the 1st pharyngeal pouch?

A

Tubotympanic recess > primitive tympanic cavity

34
Q

What comes from the proximal part of the 1st pharyngeal pouch?

A

Eustachian tube

35
Q

Which pharyngeal arch do the malleus and incus come from?

A

1st

36
Q

Which pharyngeal arch does the stapes come from?

A

2nd

37
Q

What is the tympanic membrane made up of?

A

Ectodermal epithelium lining at bottom of auditory meatus and tympanic cavity
Connective tissue

38
Q

What is the filling of the external auditory meatus with ectodermal cells called?

A

Meatal plug

39
Q

What does the pinna develop from?

A

6 auricular hillocks surrounding the 1st pharyngeal cleft

NSB (22 decks)

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