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NSB > 18. Temperature Control > Flashcards

18. Temperature Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is the advantage of being homeothermic?

A

Can live in cold climates as are unaffected to changes in ambient temperature

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2
Q

What are the disadvantages to being homeothermic?

A

Expends energy

Complex regulation

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3
Q

What is the optimal internal temperature range?

A

35.5-37.7

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4
Q

What is the name for an animal that can’t control its own body temperature?

A

Poikilothermic

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5
Q

What is the effect of temperatures between 40 to 44?

A

Heat stroke

Brain lesions

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6
Q

What causes body temperatures between 38 to 40?

A

Fever

Exercise

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7
Q

What happens at temperatures between 34 to 36?

A

Mild hypothermia

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8
Q

What happens at temperatures between 30 to 34?

A

Impairment of temperature regulation

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9
Q

What happens at temperatures between 27 to 29?

A

Cardiac fibrillation

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10
Q

Where can temperature be taken from?

A

Mouth
Axilla
Rectum (.56 higher)
Ear

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11
Q

Where do homeothermic animals get heat from?

A

Metabolic oxidation of food

Exercising muscle

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12
Q

What is the function of the core?

A

Heat generation

Remains constant at 37.8 degrees

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13
Q

What is included in the core?

A

Internal organs
CNS
Skeletal muscle

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14
Q

What is the function of the shell?

A

Insulation

Exchange of heat depending on ambient temperature

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15
Q

What is involved in the shell?

A

Skin

Subcutaneous fat

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16
Q

What is the temperature range of the skin?

A

20-40

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17
Q

What are the 4 methods of heat transfer?

A

Radiation
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation

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18
Q

What form is heat emitted as?

A

Electromagnetic waves via radiation

19
Q

What is conduction?

A

Transfer of heat between two objects of different temperatures in direct contact

20
Q

What is the function of convection in heat loss?

A

Carries heat away from the body

21
Q

Why does sweating help cool us down?

A

Heat is lost when water evaporates

22
Q

How is temperature controlled through the vasomotor response?

A

Changing the width of blood vessels regulates the flow of blood in skin

23
Q

What is the thermoneutral zone?

A

Temperature range at which core temperature is maintained constant by vasomotor responses alone

24
Q

Why does humidity prevent heat loss?

A

Increased water concentration in the air prevents sweat evaporating
Heat cannot be lost through evaporation

25
Q

What neurotransmitter is used in sweat glands?

A

ACh

26
Q

What is the primary method of involuntary heat production?

A

Shivering

27
Q

What is shivering?

A

Rhythmic skeletal muscle contraction and increased tone

All energy produced is used as heat as no work is done

28
Q

How much can shivering increase internal temperature?

A

2-5 times

29
Q

How does piloerection promote heat retention?

A

Heat is trapped amongst hair

30
Q

What does lesion of the anterior hypothalamus result in?

A

Chronic hyperthermia (loss of heat loss reflexes)

31
Q

Lesion of what part of the brain would cause chronic hypothermia? (due to loss of heat production and conservation)

A

Posterior hypothalamus

32
Q

What is the function of peripheral thermoreceptors?

A

Monitor skin temperature

33
Q

Where can core thermoreceptors be found?

A

Hypothalamus
CNS
Internal abdominal organs

34
Q

What variations of body temperature is due to diurnal rhythm?

A

Lowest between 6-7am

Highest between 5-7pm

35
Q

How much can exercise increase body temperature by?

A

2.3

36
Q

What variations of body temperature is due to the menstrual cycle?

A

Increase of .5 in 2nd half of cycle

37
Q

What are the secondary causes of hypothermia?

A 
Hypothyroidism
Hypopituitarism
Malnutrition
Stroke
Trauma
Drugs
Burns 
Surgery
38
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothermia?

A

Metabolic processes slow down
Higher cerebral functions affected
Decreased breathing rate
Decreased Cardiac Output

39
Q

What are the pathological causes of hyperthermia?

A

High TH or adrenaline

Malfunction of hypothalamus

40
Q

What is fever triggered by?

A

Pyrogens: interleukin-1B, TNFa

41
Q

What releases pyrogens?

A

Macrophages in response to bacteria or viruses

42
Q

What to pyrogens increase the production of?

A

Prostaglandins

43
Q

What do prostaglandins induce?

A

Shivering and vasoconstriction

44
Q

How to paracetemol and aspirin stop fever?

A

Block pyrogen pathway

NSB (22 decks)

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