20. Age of Anxiety

Question 1

What is meant by the Intellectual Crisis?

Answer 1

the “old certainties” such as belief in power of reason, progress in technology, and liberty were replaced by terrible Uncertainties of anxiety and doubt due to the destructive impact of WWI.

Question 2

Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer 2

forerunner of Existentialism of modern philosophy

Question 3

Existentialism key ideas:

Answer 3

1. rejected Reason and Science
2. humans live in a hostile world; and god, reason, and progress are myths
3. Person is the sum of his or her actions and choices

Question 4

Albert Einstein

Answer 4

Theory of Relativity, E=mc2

Question 5

How did the New Physics challenge the traditional newtonian physics?

Answer 5

Challenged the traditional notions of causality, time, and space by undermining the “Optimistic confidence that people lived in a predictable and orderly world”.

Question 6

Sigmund Freud

Answer 6

the Unconscious

id, superego, and the ego

Question 7

Art style influenced by Freud?

key characteristics?

Answer 7

Surrealism

- Depicts world of unconscious and Portrays strange objects and symbols of the artist’s inner mind

Question 8

New style of architecture emerging after WWI

Key characteristics?

Answer 8

Bauhaus Architecture

• practical, useful, and functional architecture
• clear straight lines and avoid unnecessary exterior decors

Question 9

Where did Bauhaus architecture originate? then moved to where? then what did it become known as?

Answer 9

Germany –> United States –> the International Style

Question 10

Germany’s new republic is generally known as:___

- what problems did it face?

Answer 10

• Weimar Republic
• Reparations payments of the Versailles Treaty, and thus printed vast amounts of paper money which caused inflation which destroyed the German middle class

Question 11

What three optimistic political events occurred in 1920s, concerning peace and Germany?

Answer 11

• The Dawes Plan
• The Locarno Pact
• The Kellogg-Briand Pact

Question 12

What is the Dawes Plan

significance?

Answer 12

American Charles Dawes devised a plan to reestablish a sound German currency and reduce reparation payments.
- Provided a series of American loans which revitalized German economy and ended the inflation

Question 13

What is the Locarno Pact\

significance?

Answer 13

a pact guaranteeing the borders between Germany and France

- important turning pt in Franco-German relations and appeared to offer hope of a new peaceful era btwn these 2 rivals

Question 14

What is the Kellogg-Briand Pact

significance?

Answer 14

62 countries including US signed a pact promising “to renounce war as an instrument of national policy”
- at the time, appeared to bolster the collective security and promote a renewed spirit of optimism