19. War and Revolution Flashcards
What is the change from Old imperialism to the New Imperialism beginning in 1870? In Africa and Asia
Focused on trade –> Political control
best, most aggressive example of the new imperialism
“scramble for Africa”
Where was the conference for “Scramble for Africa” held?
Berlin
After the partitioning of Africa, which countries remained independent?
Only Liberia and Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
In 1879, Bismarck’s goals of isolating France led to:
Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy, then later with Russia also
After William II forced Bismarck to resign, how were his policies like?
Very aggressive and set Germany on a new course
What was William II’s major aggressive policy?
challenging Britain’s long-standing naval supremacy by embarking on an expensive program of naval expansion
How did France react to Germany’s alliances?
Triple Entente with Russia and Britain
Why did the Balkan Peninsula become a powder keg of competing interests?
b/c the power of Ottoman Empire receded
most of Balkan population spoke: _____, major nationalist movement: ______
Slavic language, Pan-Slavism
which newly independent nation quickly became the leader of the Pan-Slavic movement?
Serbia
Who assassinated who which plunged Europe into war?
Slav nationalist Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian Throne
What is the Schlieffen Plan?
did they succeed?
Germany’s plan for a lightning all-out attack on France to knock them out before Russia could fully mobilize
-No
Germany’s first act of war?
attcked neutral Belgium, which enraged Britain who declared war on Germany
Total War
gov’ts mobilized all human and industrial resources in order to wage total war
In 1918, what happened that is important to the history of women?
Parliament granted the suffrage to women over 30
The Russian Revolution saw an end to what dynasty and who was the last inept ruler?
Romanov rule, Nicholas II
What gov’t and who replaced the tsar in Russian Revoluion(RR)?
provisional government led by Alexander Kerensky
Lenin= ________ revolution
Bolshevik
Lenin’s popular communist slogan
“Peace, Land, and Bread”
Lenin’s Key ideas(3):
- denounced gradual reform
- communist revolution was possible in non industrialized country such as Russia
- due to Russia’s small working class, leadership would have to come from highly disciplined group of professional revolutionaries
What attempted to overthrow the Bolsheviks?
“White” armies
Who formed the “Red Army” in response to “white” armies and defeated them?
Leon Trotsky
What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk end?
The Russian Front in WWI
Realizing that defeat was imminent, William II abdicated his throne. What happened to gov’t in Germany then?
became a republic
Treaty of Versailles:
- Germany’s land?
- created what new nation?
- Alsace-Lorraine back to France, and German territories in Africa and Pacific were given as mandates to Britain, France, and Japan
- Poland
What is a mandate
territory that was administered on behalf of the League of Nations
New map of europe after WWI
- Austri-Hungary dissolved into separate states
- Creation of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia from territories of Austria-Hungary
- Finland and three Baltic states emerged from Russia
