13. Life and Culture in Eighteenth-Century Europe Flashcards
What kind of system was used by farmers before the agricultural revolution?
open-field system
Where did the innovations for agriculture start in Europe?
why?
the Low Countries (Dutch areas)
- b/c it was most densely populated region
What did the landowners of England and the Low Countries do with the common land? (name of the movement)
Enclosure movement
2 most important consequences of enclosure movement
- Enabled landowners to rapidly implement agricultural innovations
- Forced poor rural ppl to move to cities and work
Charles “Turnip” Townshend
advocated continuous crop rotation using various crops
Jethro Tull
inventor of seed drill
Robert Bakewell
selective breeding of livestock
THE major crop that caused population explosion
POTATO
Marriage patterns after 1750 became :
more free.
less arranged marriages
Child rearing in the 18th C
due to high mortality rates, parents were reluctant to become attached to their children. But, upper-middle-class began to place greater emphasis on child rearing
What happened to the life expectancy in 18th C?
increased from 25 to 35
In the rise of witchcraft in the 16th and 17th C, who were most likely to be subjected for witchcraft?
Elderly, widowed women
In the olden days, why were women believed to be susceptible to the Devil’s temptations?
women were believed to be weak
Why did decline of witchcraft?
Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment emphasized REASON. Superstition and witchcraft were turned down.
When did the Rococo art style reach its peak of popularity
during the reign of Louis XV (1715-1774)
