18. Industry, Mass Politics, and Culture, 1871-1914 Flashcards
two new industries in the 2nd Industrial Revolution
- steel production
- chemical industry
what industrial process is related to mass production of steel
Bessemer process
who lead the chemical industry
Germany
the new source of power in 2nd industrial revolution?
electricity, oil, and gasoline
What were the new industrial powers rivaling Britain?
Germany and US
Who was a major feminist in France even earlier than Mary Wollstonecraft of England?
Olympia de Gouges
What did the feminist Olympia de Gouges write?
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
argued that inequalities imposed on women were a relic from the past and “a hindrance to human development”
John Stuart Mill
what is the “angel in the house”
ideal middle-class woman
by the end of 19th C, educated middle-class women enjoyed more independent lifestyles, and they are called:
the “New Woman”
How successful was women’s suffrage movement in 1900
No country in Europe allowed women to vote
What government was established after Napoleon III’s defeat to Prussia?
Third Republic
What was the revolutionary municipal council formed by the radicals in France called?
How did the third republic deal with them?
the Paris Commune
- mercilessly crushed the Communards
what is anti-Semitism
hostility to Jews
What was the key cause of the Dreyfus Affair?
anti-Semitism
Which realist novelist wrote “J’Accuse” exposing the injustice of Dreyfus Affair?
Emile Zola
What did the Dreyfus Affair reveal about Europe?
just how widespread the anti-Semitism existed in Europe
What did Theodor Herzl write as a consequence of the Dreyfus Affair?
what is is about?
- “The Jewish State”
- calling for a national homeland for the Jews
What is the age of mass politics?
when the masses were involved in politics. basically when universal male suffrage of the WORKING class came to be.
What is the Irish question?
were the irish successful?
whether to grant Ireland its own parliament
they were successful to a little extent
Who became next kaiser after William I died?
what did he do with Bismarck?
- William II
- forced Bismarck to resign
in 1880s, what did Bismarck do in Germany that became the first ever?
developed a state social welfare program
What were Bismarck’s goals in instituting the welfare programs?
to prove that the state was a benevolent institution and not an oppressor
In Russia, how were the Social Democrats split into?
Mensheviks(favoring gradual reform) vs. Bolsheviks (advocating communist revolution)
Who led the Bolsheviks?
Vladimir Lenin
What happened due to Russian losses in the Russo-Japanese War?
Revolution of 1905 b/c the war exposed the weaknesses of the autocratic regime
How were the revolts of 1905 in Russia suppressed?
Still, what was Nicholas II reluctantly pressured to do?
- “Bloody Sunday” massacre
- due to strikes and pressure, he reluctantly approved a Russian parliament called DUMA
important ppl of the bacterial revolution:
Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister (sterile surgery)
Darwin’s book on the theory of evolution
“The Origin of Species”
Herbert Spencer took Darwin’s theories and applied it to ______ to create ________
humanity, Social Darwinism
New inventions such as camera led to modern art.
what are new modern art styles?
Impressionism and Cubism
Key characteristic of impressionism
a moment in time; a slice of life
