18. Industry, Mass Politics, and Culture, 1871-1914

Question 1

two new industries in the 2nd Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

• steel production

- chemical industry

Question 2

what industrial process is related to mass production of steel

Answer 2

Bessemer process

Question 3

who lead the chemical industry

Answer 3

Germany

Question 4

the new source of power in 2nd industrial revolution?

Answer 4

electricity, oil, and gasoline

Question 5

What were the new industrial powers rivaling Britain?

Answer 5

Germany and US

Question 6

Who was a major feminist in France even earlier than Mary Wollstonecraft of England?

Answer 6

Olympia de Gouges

Question 7

What did the feminist Olympia de Gouges write?

Answer 7

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen

Question 8

argued that inequalities imposed on women were a relic from the past and “a hindrance to human development”

Answer 8

John Stuart Mill

Question 9

what is the “angel in the house”

Answer 9

ideal middle-class woman

Question 10

by the end of 19th C, educated middle-class women enjoyed more independent lifestyles, and they are called:

Answer 10

the “New Woman”

Question 11

How successful was women’s suffrage movement in 1900

Answer 11

No country in Europe allowed women to vote

Question 12

What government was established after Napoleon III’s defeat to Prussia?

Answer 12

Third Republic

Question 13

What was the revolutionary municipal council formed by the radicals in France called?
How did the third republic deal with them?

Answer 13

the Paris Commune

- mercilessly crushed the Communards

Question 14

what is anti-Semitism

Answer 14

hostility to Jews

Question 15

What was the key cause of the Dreyfus Affair?

Answer 15

anti-Semitism

Question 16

Which realist novelist wrote “J’Accuse” exposing the injustice of Dreyfus Affair?

Answer 16

Emile Zola

Question 17

What did the Dreyfus Affair reveal about Europe?

Answer 17

just how widespread the anti-Semitism existed in Europe

Question 18

What did Theodor Herzl write as a consequence of the Dreyfus Affair?
what is is about?

Answer 18

• “The Jewish State”

- calling for a national homeland for the Jews

Question 19

What is the age of mass politics?

Answer 19

when the masses were involved in politics.
basically when universal male suffrage of the WORKING class came to be.

Question 20

What is the Irish question?

were the irish successful?

Answer 20

whether to grant Ireland its own parliament

they were successful to a little extent

Question 21

Who became next kaiser after William I died?

what did he do with Bismarck?

Answer 21

• William II

- forced Bismarck to resign

Question 22

in 1880s, what did Bismarck do in Germany that became the first ever?

Answer 22

developed a state social welfare program

Question 23

What were Bismarck’s goals in instituting the welfare programs?

Answer 23

to prove that the state was a benevolent institution and not an oppressor

Question 24

In Russia, how were the Social Democrats split into?

Answer 24

Mensheviks(favoring gradual reform) vs. Bolsheviks (advocating communist revolution)

Question 25

Who led the Bolsheviks?

Answer 25

Vladimir Lenin

Question 26

What happened due to Russian losses in the Russo-Japanese War?

Answer 26

Revolution of 1905 b/c the war exposed the weaknesses of the autocratic regime

Question 27

How were the revolts of 1905 in Russia suppressed?

Still, what was Nicholas II reluctantly pressured to do?

Answer 27

• “Bloody Sunday” massacre

- due to strikes and pressure, he reluctantly approved a Russian parliament called DUMA

Question 28

important ppl of the bacterial revolution:

Answer 28

Louis Pasteur,
Joseph Lister (sterile surgery)

Question 29

Darwin’s book on the theory of evolution

Answer 29

“The Origin of Species”

Question 30

Herbert Spencer took Darwin’s theories and applied it to ______ to create ________

Answer 30

humanity, Social Darwinism

Question 31

New inventions such as camera led to modern art.

what are new modern art styles?

Answer 31

Impressionism and Cubism

Question 32

Key characteristic of impressionism

Answer 32

a moment in time; a slice of life