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Ap European History > 17. Nationalism, Realpolitick, and Realism: 1850-1871 > Flashcards

17. Nationalism, Realpolitick, and Realism: 1850-1871 Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened in France in 1848

A

Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew Louis Napoleon was elected president of Second French Republic.

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2
Q

What happened just 4 years after the establishment of the Second French Republic?

A

Louis Napoleon declared himself emperor Napoleon III of the Second Empire

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3
Q

What did Napoleon III do with French economy

A

Industrialized

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4
Q

Napoleon III rebuilt/redesigned Paris by hiring this guy:

A

Haussmann

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5
Q

What were Napoleon III’s ambitions/goals

A

Win international glory for France

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6
Q

Crimean War years?

Basically who vs. who?

A
  • 1853-1856 (basically right after revolutions of 1848. the first major even after 1848 and first war since 1815 CoVienna)
  • Russia vs. Other countries
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7
Q

Why did Russia enter the Crimean War

A

to get access to the Mediterranean by taking Turkey

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8
Q

what countries entered the Crimean War against Russia and why

A
  • France and Britain: to retain balance of power

- Sardinia: hoped to gain support for Italian unification

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9
Q

Direct result of the Crimean War

A

Russia lost humiliatingly

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10
Q

Tsar Alexander II’s major reform in 1861

A

Emancipation Edict of the serfs

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11
Q

Alexander II’s new system of regional self-government through elected assemblies:

A

Zemstvos

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12
Q

Italian nationalists looked to this kingdom for leadership for the cause of unification:

A

Piedmont-Sardinia

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13
Q

in 1852, Piedmont’s king Emmanuel II appointed a prime minister:

A

Count Camillo di CAVOUR

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14
Q

What is Realpolitik

A

successful combination of power politics and secret diplomacy.
“the politics of reality”

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15
Q

Who was Cavour’s greatest enemy and so who did he ally with

A
  • Austria was biggest obstacle to Italian unity

- Allied with Napoleon III

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16
Q

Cavour’s achievement in Italian Unification:

A

By defeated Austrians, he annexed most of northern Italy.

17
Q

Who was the main unifier in the South of Italy?

What was his group called and what did he do?

A

Garibaldi, Red Shirts, successfully liberated kingdom of the Two Sicilies

18
Q

The year of proclamation of the kingdom of Italy with Victor Emmanuel II as king

A

1861

19
Q

Why was the Italian Unification incomplete? 2 main reasons

A
  • Pope remained hostile to the new Italian state

- problems still plagued the new state. Northern italy was urban while southern remained backward, and heavy debt

20
Q

the main dude in the unification of Germany serving as prime minister.
What country?

A

Otto von Bismarck

Prussia

21
Q

Who did Bismarck go to War against? 3 countries:

A

Denmark, Austria, then France

22
Q

What was Prussia’s war with Austria in1866 called?

A

Seven Weeks’ War

23
Q

What was the result of the 7 weeks’ war-
who won?
what was created?

A

Austria lost,

dissolution of the German Confederation and creation of North German Confederation dominated by Prussia

24
Q

Consequence of Prussia’s war with France-
who won?
how was it settled?

A

France lost

France ceded Alsace and Lorraine,

25
Q

significance of France giving up Alsace and Lorraine to Prussia?

A

They were rich deposits of coal and iron.

Big blow to France’s economy and pride

26
Q

End result of Prussia’s continuous victories in terms of national strength?

A

Germany became the strongest state on the continent, rivaling Great Britain

27
Q

What happened due to large ethnic discontent in Austria?

A

Formation of dual monarchy: Austria-Hungary

28
Q

What important ethnic group was also under Hapsburg Austrian rule, who would later be a threat to the peace of Europe?

A

Slavs, slavic regions

29
Q

Who said “The great questions of our day cannot be solved by speeches and majority votes–that was the great error of 1848 and 1849–but by blood and iron”

A

Bismarck

30
Q

Because of continuous working classes’ demand for electoral reform, what were passed in 1832 then again in 1867 that increasingly extended the suffrage to workers in Britain?

A

Reform bills.

31
Q

Which group was still not affected by the Reform Bill of 1867?

A

British women

32
Q

art style after romanticism?

A

realism

33
Q

key characteristics of realism?

how did realist artists view industrial life

A
  • focus on daily concerns of real people such as workers and peasants
  • criticized the cruelty of industry

Ap European History (26 decks)

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