10. Absolutism in Eastern Europe, 1600-1725

Question 1

By 1648, which three empires occupied Eastern Europe, the area from French border to Russia?
what similarity between them?

Answer 1

HRE, Republic of Poland, and Ottoman Empire

- they were all declining

Question 2

Respective families in Austria and Prussia?

Answer 2

Hapsburgs and Hohenzollerns

Question 3

What political state was Poland in?

Answer 3

there was a king, but severely restricted by nobles.

This lack of centralized power left it vulnerable

Question 4

How did the Hapsburgs suffer a series of setbacks?

How were their powers revived?

Answer 4

• Devastation of 30 Years’ war, extinction of Hapsburg line in Spain.
• Treaty of Utrecht gave them Naples, Sardinia, and Milan in Italy AND Austrian Netherlands

Question 5

Hapsburg empire embraced a large # of ethnic groups. In what ways were they unified?

Answer 5

Only by Catholic faith and loyalty to the dynasty

Question 6

What is Pragmatic Sanction and who issued it and why

Answer 6

Charles VI of HRE (reigned 1711-1740) was determined to insure a safe succession for his daughter, Maria Theresa. the Sanction stated that Hapsburg empire territories were indivisible and Maria would inherit all lands.

Charles worked very very hard to achieve this

Question 7

The two most famous leaders associated with the rise of Prussia from 1640 to 1740

Answer 7

Frederick William, the Great Elector
and
Frederick William I

Question 8

What did the two Fredericks–or in general, the Hohenzollerns–of Prussia focus mostly on?

Answer 8

Building a powerful army, prioritizing military values

Question 9

Who are Junkers

Answer 9

German landowners

Question 10

What is the period of disorder after the death of Ivan known as?

Answer 10

Time of Troubles

Question 11

Beginning in 1613, what dynasty ruled Russia as a result of an assembly of nobles hoping to restore order?
Who was elected to be then next tsar?
Until when did this dynasty rule?

Answer 11

Romanov Dynasty

• Michael I of Romanov
• Right before WWI

Question 12

Who recognized that Russia had fallen behind and thus brought successful changes to Russia?

Answer 12

Peter the Great

Question 13

What are Peter’s 3 successes of his reign

Answer 13

1. Program of modernization
2. Construction of St. Petersburg
3. Victory over Sweden in Great Northern War

Question 14

How did Peter modernize Russia

Answer 14

Expanded the army and new navy

Question 15

Major result of his victory over Sweden?

Answer 15

Sweden declined while Russia became dominant power on Baltic Sea

Question 16

What did Peter’s St. Petersburg symbolize?

Answer 16

Peter the Great’s new and more powerful Russia

Question 17

Who were boyars and how did Peter control them?

Answer 17

• Old nobility supporting traditional Russian culture

- Peter told them to shave their beard off and wear western clothing

Question 18

What one thing continued to be exploited even under Peter’s modernization?

Answer 18

Russia’s economy continued to rest on the exploitation of serfs