2 Treatment of Infections I: Antibacterial Drugs Flashcards
_________ refers to a drug that typically kill or destroy bacteria.
Bactericidal
_____________ refers to
drugs that do not kill
bacteria, but limit the growth and proliferation of bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Penicillin and cephalosporin drugs exert antibacterial effects by…
Inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls
How do antibacterial drugs inhibit the synthesis off bacterial proteins?
– Lack of protein production impairs
bacterial cell metabolic function, resulting in retarded growth or death of bacteria
How do antibacterial drugs inhibit bacterial DNA/RNA synthesis and function?
• Bacteria must be able to replicate their genetic material to reproduce
• Inability to produce normal DNA and
RNA will stop the bacteria from mediating continued growth and reproduction
How does Penicillin take its antibacterial function?
Bind to specific proteins within the cell wall and inhibit their function
What are the adverse effects of penicillin?
–allergic reactions: skin rash, hives, itching –confusion, hallucinations –GI disturbance – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea –thrombocytopenia,
Which enzyme makes bacteria resistant to penicillin?
beta-lactamase
How do cephalosporins work?
They bind to specific proteins in the cell and inhibit its function
Cell wall
How does gentamycin work?
Binds to parts of the bacterial ribosome and causes changes in protein synthesis, including ribosome’s ability to read RNA genetic code
What are gentamycins prescribed for?
Gram-negative bacteria, like E. coli
Erythromycin is known as ________ antibiotics
Macrolide
How does erythromycin work?
Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to specific parts of the ribosome
What does erythromycin work on?
Broad spectrum, given for gram- positive bacteria, and some gram- negative
How does Tetracycline work?
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by causing a misreading of the RNA code
