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Pharmacology > 1 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs > Flashcards

1 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

NSAID – distinct pharmacologic properties:

A
  1. Ability to decrease inflammation
  2. Ability to relieve mild-to-moderate pain
  3. Ability to decrease elevated body temperature associated with fever
  4. Ability to decrease blood clotting by inhibiting platelet aggregation
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2
Q

Best representative of an NSAID is…

A

Aspirin – acetylsalicylic

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3
Q

Aspirin interferes with biosynthesis of…

A

prostaglandins

In 1970 aspirin was found to inhibit the synthesis of a group of compounds known as prostaglandins.

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4
Q

Prostaglandins

A

They are a group of lipid like compounds that exhibit a wide range of physiologic activities.

They appear to be hormones that act locally to help regulate cell function.

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5
Q

Which type of cells produce prostaglandins?

A

ALL the cells… except blood cells

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6
Q

Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are referred to as …

A

Eicosanoid

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7
Q

True or false: The 20-carbon fatty acid prostaglandin is derived from can be metabolized by one specific enzyme.

A

False: The 20-fatty acid can be metabolized by

several enzymes systems

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8
Q

Primary enzyme system involves the _____ enzyme, and synthesizes _________ and _________

A

Cyclooxygenase (COX)

prostaglandins and thromboxanes

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9
Q

Secondary enzyme involves the _____ enzyme, and synthesizes __________

A

lipoxygenase (LOX)

leukotrienes

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10
Q

A drug that blocks COX will eliminate all ________ and ________ synthesis in that cell

A

Prostaglandin and thromboxane

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11
Q

Aspirin are ________ inhibitors, they do not inhibit _______ enzyme

A

Aspirin are cyclooxygenase (COX)
inhibitors,

they do not inhibit lipoxygenase (LOX)enzyme

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12
Q

Leukotrienes mediate what?

A

airway inflammation.

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13
Q

Drugs have been developed to reduce leukotriene-mediated inflammation by blocking _____ enzymes, or by blocking leukotriene
receptors on _______ tissues

A

Block LOX enzymes

Or block receptors on respiratory tissues

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14
Q

Do prostaglandins increase or decrease with inflammation?

A

Increased prostaglandin synthesis is usually detected at the site of local inflammation

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15
Q

What are the roles of Eicosanoids in health and disease? How do you decrease these for treatment?

A

Treat with aspirin to decrease prostaglandins

  • Increased prostaglandins at sites of local inflammation
  • Mediate pain stimuli and increase sensitivity
  • Prostaglandins help elevate body temperature

Increased prostaglandin production accompanies dysmenorrhea

Thromboxanes cause platelet aggregation that result in blood clot formation

Other Pathologies:
• Hypertension 
•Colon Cancer 
• Asthma - increased blood flow 
• DM 
• MS- CNS inflammation
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16
Q

COX – 1: responsible for mediating ___________.

COX2 - produced in ______ cell.

A

COX – 1: responsible for mediating normal cell activity

COX2 - produced in injured cell

17
Q

Aspirin represents the major form of a group drugs known as …

A

the salicylates

18
Q

Aspirin and other NSAIDs are effective in treating:

A 
• Mild-to-moderate  pain 
• Headache 
• Toothache 
• Diffuse  muscular aches and
soreness 
• RA 
• OA 
• Post-op (Toradol)
19
Q

The primary NSAID used in treating fever in Adults

A

Aspirin

20
Q

Aspirin is not recommended for use in children with …

A

Rye syndrome, a bleeding disorder

21
Q

Primary problem with Aspirin like drugs is _______.

Caused by the ______________________.

A

Primary problem is gastrointestinal damage.

Caused by the loss of prostaglandins in the mucosal lining

22
Q

What are the benefits of aspirin compared to other NSAIDS?

A
  • NSAIDs have less GI problems
  • NSAIDs are less toxic
  • NSAIDs need a prescription and cost
23
Q

COX 2 selective drugs _____ pain and inflammation

A

Decrease

24
Q

COX 2 selective drugs have ___________ on the stomach

A

No adverse effects

They’re coated and dont kill good prostaglandins

25
Q

COX2 selective drugs ________ platelets

A

Do not effect platelets because they leave thromboxins alone

26
Q

COX2 selective drugs are ______ for patients with prolonged bleeding

A

Prolonged

27
Q

COX2 selective drugs ________ risk of upper respiratory tract infections

A

Increase

28
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) compared to aspirin or NSAIDs

A

Fever reducer: Tylenol= Aspirin

Analgesic: Tylenol: Aspirin

Anti-inflammatory: Aspirin> tylenol

Anticoagulant: Aspirin > Tylenol

GI health: Tylenol > Aspirin

Reye Syndrome: Tylenol > Aspirin

29
Q

What is the number 1 drug used to OA?

A

Tylenol

30
Q

Pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs and Acetaminophen

A

Aspirin absorbed in stomach and small intestine

80-90% bound to plasma proteins
10-20% distributed throughout body

Biotransformed in blood stream
Metabolites oxidized in the liver

People with preexisting liver disease or who are chronic alcohol abusers are susceptible to liver damage

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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