2- Think like a Researcher Flashcards
What is Research?
Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of human kind, culture and society - and devise new applications of available knowledge
What is the purpose of research?
- Review or synthesize existing knowledge
- Investigate existing situations or problems
- Provide solutions to problems
- Explore and analyze more general issues
- Construct or create new procedures or systems
- Explain new phenomenon
- Generate more knowledge
- Informed decision making
- Capacity building
- Broad economic or social impacts
- Confirm or (re-affirm facts)
Who does research?
Not just scientists!!! All of us are curious
-We want answers to our most perplexing questions, and thus we want to describe, explain, predict, and control events
We study __________ (factors that have 2+ values)
variables
(ex: height, IQ, attitude, tastes, etc)
- we describe variables, associate variables, what causes variances, predict and control
T or F: decisions are often difficult, messy and confusing
T
T or F: A lot of the decisions we take are made intuitively
T
We make around _______ of decisions daily
1000s
Our decisions are often complicated by powerful forces such as:
- family & friends
- marketing
- social media
- religion
- income
T or F: The decisions we take are often based on misinformation; seldom evidence-based
T
T or F: our gut is never wrong
T
Flawed explanations lead to false __________
decisions
Explain how our gut is flawed:
- We have our own answers and views
- Experiences shape us yet none of us experience everything so how do we really know? (n=1)
- Our experiences are not experienced by others so how do we really know? (many possibilities out there)
- Even if experiences are representative, we may interpret or remember differently so how do we really know? (confirmation bias)
Name the 5 components of the flawed mind:
- confirmation bias
- overconfidence phenomenon
- better than average effect
- knowledge paradox
- hindsight bias
Explain the confirmation bias:
We like to be correct, and focus on information that proves this; We reflect on our thoughts/experiences to find relevant evidence
Explain the overconfidence phenomenon:
We are overly confident about our judgments: little reason to self-correct
Explain the better than average effect:
impossible for everyone to be above 50%
Explain the knowledge paradox:
So much information out there to support our beliefs
Explain the hindsight bias:
We overestimate our ability to have predicted results (we knew it all along)
Research is about:
1) Using skills in critical and creative thinking
- Learn to question everything
- Who, what, where, when, etc
2) Using scientific method to address questions
- Systematic and iterative method
- Less about memorizing or feelings or beliefs