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Comparative Anatomy > [2] Lecture 14: Appendicular Muscle > Flashcards

[2] Lecture 14: Appendicular Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles that arise on axial skeleton or trunk fascia and insert on the girdle or limb

Begin development from blastemas w/in the body wall

A

Extrinsic appendicular muscles

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2
Q

Muscles that arise on a girdle or limb element and insert more distally

Develop from blastemas from w/in the limb

A

Intrinsic appendicular muscles

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3
Q

Note that the intrinsic blastemas originate in the ________ and are innervated by motor fibers from somatic column of spinal cord.

A

Somites

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4
Q 
Lat Dorsi 
Levator scapulae 
Serratus ventralis 
Rhomboideus 
Trapiezius 
Sternomastoid
A

Exmaples of extrinsic muscles

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5
Q

Biceps
Triceps complex
Digit extensores and flexor….etc.

A

Muscles intrinsic appendicular

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6
Q

Dorsal group and ventral groups make up:

A

Extrinsic pectoral muscles

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7
Q

Most constant dorsal extrinsic appendicular muscle in tetrapods:

A

Latissiumus dorsi

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8
Q

Major derivative is teres major

A

Latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

2 groups of muscles from atlas/basiocciptal or form cervical vertebrae to scapular spine in amniotes

A

Levator scapulae

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10
Q

From cervical and thoracic vertebrae to dorsal border of scapula in crocodillians and mammals

A

Rhomboideus group

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11
Q

From ribs to dorsal border of scapula

Fixes the scapula.

A

Serratus ventralis (anterior)

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12
Q

Derived from fish cucullaris

May be divided into several components depending on its attachment to scapula:
Cleidotrapezius/acromiotrapezius/spinotrapezius/

Innervated by CN XI

A

Trapezius

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13
Q

Nectarus extrinsic limb muscles : [4]

A

Latissimus dorsi
Scapular deltoid
Supracoracoideus
Pectoralis

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14
Q

Originates from thoracic cage and sternum

Inserts on humerus

Major adductor of forelimb

A

Pectoral complex

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15
Q

Pectoralis: major, minor

Descendants: pectoantebrachialis

Xiphihumeralis

A

Components of pectoral muscle

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16
Q

Increase in size of latissimus dorsi
Increase in size of pectoralis complex
Supracoracoideus of amphibians and reptiles:
In mammals, surpraspinatus and infraspinatus

A

Trends in evo. Of pectoral muscles

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17
Q

Forearm adductors

Powerful flight muscles in birds

Note that supracorocoid is an intrinsic muscle in mammals

A

Pectoralis and supracoracoideus

Ventral group

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18
Q

Where does the supraspinatus and infraspinatus in mammals come from?

A

Supracoracoideus of amphibians and reptiles

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19
Q

Suspends the body btw the scapular blades in tetrapods

A

Scapular sling

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20
Q

3 muscles of scapular sling

A

Serratus ventralis

Levator scapulae

Rhomboids

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21
Q

From rib cage to medial border of scapula

Salamander: thoraciscapularis

A

Serratus ventralis

Anterior

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22
Q

From scapula to posterior skull

A

Lavator scapulae

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23
Q

Upper vertebrae to dorsal-medial border of scapula

A

Rhomboids

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24
Q

4 muscles of the rotator cuff:

A

Supraspinatus

Infrspinatus

Teres minor

Subscapularis

[SITS]

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25
Q

Composed of four muscles whose tendons of insertions form a “cuff” around the head of the humerus.

Involved in snubbing [major function] and rotating head of humerus.

A

Rotator cuff [SITS]

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26
Q

Muscle attachments on scapula ( posterior view)

[6]

A 
Infraspinatus 
Teres major
Teres minor
Supraspinatus 
Triceps-long head 
Deltoid
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27
Q

Muscle attachments on scapula ( anterior view)

A

Subscapularis

Serratus anterior

Suprascapular notch

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28
Q

What muscle isn’t a part of rotator cuff?

A

Teres MAJOR

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29
Q

Levator scapulae and rhomboids are involved in what movement?

A

Elevation

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30
Q

Latissimus dorsi is involved in what movement?

A

Depression

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31
Q

What muscles involved in abduction of scapula?

A

Serratus anterior

32
Q

What muscles involved in abduction of shoudler

A

Middle deltoid and

Biceps branchii assists…

33
Q

What muscle involved in adduction of scapula?

A

Middle trapezius

34
Q

What muscles involved in adduction of shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major and lat. Dorsi.

35
Q

What muscles in upward rotation of scapula?

A

Serrated anterior and upper and lower trapezius (force couple)

36
Q

What muscles involved in downward motion of scapula?

A

Rhomboids and elevator scapulae

37
Q

Deltoid complex in salamanders

A

Scapulodeltoid

Procoracohumeralis [teres minor in human]

Supracoracoideus [supraspinatus and infraspoinatus in mammals]

38
Q

Major arm abductor

Arises from pectoral girdle

Inserts on humerus.

Single muscle in humans w/ multiple functions

A

Deltoid

39
Q

What muscles make up deltoid?

A

Clavodeltoid

Spinodeltoid

Acromiodeltoid

40
Q

Gluteus maximus

Action:
Hip extension and lateral rotation
Rising, climbing, running

A

Muscles of posterior gluteal compartment

41
Q

Glueteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

Action:
Hip adbduction w/ free-swinging limb

A

Lateral gluteal compartment

42
Q

What separates the gluteal medius and minimus?

A

Theyre separated by superior gluteal nerve

43
Q

Six external rotators:

A 
Piriformis 
Superior gemellus 
Obturator internus 
Inferior gemellus
Obturator externus 
Quadratus femoris

Not req’d

44
Q

Limb musculature can be best studied from the _______ approach

A

Compartmental

45
Q

Limb segments can be divided into

A

Compartments

46
Q

What separates the compartments?

A

Fibrous CT sepate

47
Q

Brachial compartments:

A

Anterior and posterior

48
Q

Humeroantebrachialis in salamanders in human–>

A

Brachialis

49
Q

One joint flexor muscle in anterior brachial compartment:

A

Brachialis

50
Q

Major forearm extensor muscle is the

A

triceps

51
Q

Muscles involved in wrist and digit flexion:

A

Antebrachial anterior muscles

52
Q

Wrist and digit extension

A

Antebrachial posterior muscles

53
Q

Muscles that flex and extend the wrist and digits

A

Forearm muscles

54
Q

Muscles that allow fine movements of the hand

A

Palmar retinaculum
Palmar aponeurosis

Palm muscles of hands

55
Q

Structures passing through carpal tunnel

Nerve?

A

Long flexor tendons: 9

And median nerve

56
Q

4 small narrow elongated muscles of the hand.
Each arises from the radial side of a flexor digititorum profundus tendon.
Flex MCP joints extend IP joints

Help w. Proprioception

A

Lumbricals

57
Q

Muscle complex gluteal complex that abducts thigh….in reptile:

A

Iliotibialis

58
Q

Quad complex ; thigh flexor in lower limbs…in reptiles :

A

Rectus femoris

59
Q

Rectus femoris and vasti….lateralis,medius,tc. To reptile:

A

Femorotibialis

60
Q

Obturatus internus in human to what in reptiles ?

A

Ischiotrochantericus

61
Q

Obturator externus in human to reptile:

A

Pubioischiofemoralis

62
Q

Quadratus femoris in human to reptile:

A

Piriformis

63
Q

Muscles that make up adductor complexes:

A

Adductors

64
Q

Role of adductors:

A

Stability to keep ppl upright

65
Q

Gracilous in ppl to reptile:

A

Puboischiotibialis

66
Q

Semitendinosus and semimembranous in mammals to reptile:

A

Tibialis externus and internus

67
Q

Sartorius in mammals to reptile:

A

Ambiens

68
Q

Quadrceps in mammals to reptile:

A

Iliotibialis and femorotibialis

69
Q

Puboischiofemoralis is homologous with which 2 muscles in reptile:

A

Iliacus

Psoas

70
Q

Adductors are homologous w/

A

adductors

71
Q

Deep posterior leg muscles

A

Popliteus
Flexor hallucis Longus
Tibialis posterior

72
Q

Superficial posterior leg muscles

A

Medial and lateral gastronemius

Soleus

73
Q

Anterior muscles of leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius
Extensor hallucis longus

74
Q

Lateral muscles of the leg

A

Peroneus longus and

Peroneus Brevis

75
Q

Leg muscle now referrreed to as fibularis

A

Peroneus

Comparative Anatomy (10 decks)

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