1914-1947: Indigenous people attitude to the empire

Question 1

British relations with Ireland

Answer 1

Already a religious divide. 1912/13 home rule but was suspended during war.
Dublin Easter 1916 protests repressed (Fein organised)
1919 frustrations to delayed Home rule led to Guerrilla war against Britain
Ended in 1921 with signing of Anglo-Irish treaty creating Irish Free State
Civil war ended in 1923
Boycotted the 1937 imperial conference and in 1948 separated from rest of Britain

Question 2

British relation with the Middle East

Answer 2

Revolution by Egyptians and Sudanese in 1919. Widespread civil disobedience.
Many attacks on Br military.
Egypt independent in 1922, Br refused to recognise Egypt rule of Sudan
Tensions in Palestine in 1930s with Jew immigration. In 1947 Britain left Palestine leaving problem to UN
1936 treaty where Britain retained troops in Suez

Question 3

British relation with India

Answer 3

Conflict during and after WW1. Was mostly loyal, some anti-Br outbursts.
Some failed attempts of Mutiny like 1915 Ghadar Conspiracy and Singapore Mutiny.
Further escalation 1919 Government of India Act and Amritsar massacre. Britain losing moral authority.
Gandhi non-cooperation 1920-22 and Chairi Chaura incident 1922
Britain supported the All Muslim League, Indian independence in 1947 but a civil war happened leading to partition.

Question 4

Leaders of Indian nationlism

Answer 4

Gandhi and Jinnah

Question 5

Gandhi goals

Answer 5

Wanted an agricultural, society used peaceful protests. Boycotted elections assassinated in 1948

Question 6

Jinnah goals

Answer 6

Member of Muslim league. 1940 wanted a separate Muslim state. Disagreed with Gandhi’s method.

Question 7

Nationalism in Africa

Answer 7

National Congress of West Africa was formed with Gambia, Nigeria, Gold Coast and Sierra Leone. In 1919. Had little representation

Question 8

What was the West African Students’ Union

Answer 8

Founded in 1925 and it brought students from West Africa to study in London. Key nationalist figures such as Nnamdi Azikive and Kwame Nkrumah

Question 9

How did World War 2 affect nationalism in Africa

Answer 9

WW2 accelerated trends. 1945 helping bring Pan African Congress call for independence of black Africa

Question 10

Role of Thuku

Answer 10

First East African political protest, formed Young Kikuyu and recovered Kikuyu lands in Kenya.
Formed the East African Association

Question 11

Role of Kenyatta

Answer 11

Spread idea of Pan-Africanism