1857-1890: The role and influence of individuals

Question 1

Who were the men on the spot?

Answer 1

Traders
Explorers
Missionaries
Colonial advisors (sometimes, not originally in the definition)

Question 2

Name explorers of 1857-1890

Answer 2

David Livingstone
John Kirk
Sir Richard Burton
John Hanning Speke

Question 3

Name missionaries and groups of 1857-1890

Answer 3

Mary Slessor
Presbyterians
Methodists

Question 4

Name traders of 1857-1890

Answer 4

Sir William Mackinnon
George Goldie
Cecil Rhodes

Question 5

Name Colonial Administrators of 1857-1890

Answer 5

Sir Evelyn Baring
Bartle Frere

Question 6

Facts about David Livingstone

Answer 6

Early Victorian explorer
Began as missionary doctor in South Africa in 1841
Explored uncharted territories
Returned to Br 1856-57 for lectures at Cambridge Uni
Went back to Africa for commerce and Christianity
He received funding for return in 1858
Got title of Official of Consul of East Coast of Africa
Explored Zambezi river
Was thought as a martyr, sacrificed his life

Question 7

Facts about John Kirk

Answer 7

Scottish, and thought had a Christian duty
Explored with Livingstone
Sent many aquatic specimens and mussels to Br
Returned to Africa in 1868
His efforts allow Br hold on Africa’s east coast.
Grew to British East Africa in 1895

Question 8

Facts about Richard Burton

Answer 8

Wrote stories about Muslim life and manners
Visits of Islamic cities
Adventured to Somaliland (1855) and Zanzibar (1857-1858)
Produced books as well as translations.
Made 5 books on West Africa
Disagreed with John Speke about Lake Victoria

Question 9

Facts about John Hanning Speke

Answer 9

Joined Burton’s Somaliland in 1855
Re-joined Burton to find origin of Nile in 1857
First European to reach lake Tanganyika , 1858
July named great lake after Victoria.
The source of Nile was rejected by many + Burton
Killed by own gun while hunting before he could debate his claims

Question 10

Facts about Mary Slessor

Answer 10

Vicrotian Mill girl
Left slums to live in Calabar Nigeria
sought to end practice of killing twins (seen as work of devils)

Question 11

Define Presbyterians and Methodists

Answer 11

Presbyterians: Scotland of Protestant faith in simple services and no Bishops
Methodists: Similar idea, more active in missonary work

Question 12

Facts about William Mackinnon

Answer 12

Scottish ship-owner
Began trading around Bay of Bengal
1856 found Calcutta and Burma Steam navigation company
Founded Free church of Scotland East African Scottish Mission in Kenya, 1891

Question 13

Facts about George Goldie

Answer 13

Bought palm oil business in Niger basin in 1875
Palm oil is adaptable product
Found Central African Trading Company, 1876
1881 Royal charter refused because of French interest
Therefore he won trade with rival Fr companies
Was responsible for Northern Nigeria

Question 14

Facts about Cecil Rhodes

Answer 14

Owned all SA diamond mines
Royal charter in 1889
Changed South Zambesia to Rhodesia
Failed to annex Bechuanaland
Had racist views

Question 15

Facts about Sir Evelyn Baring

Answer 15

Earl of Cromer in 1901
In Egypt 1877, to help Isma’il Pasha financially
Advice was ignored so went back to Br
Returned to Egypt 1882
Approved Dufferin report 1883
Established veiled protectorate
Resigned in 1907

Question 16

Facts about Bartle Frere

Answer 16

Began in ICS
Crushed Indian Mutiny
Became governor of Bombay
Merged Br South Africa with Transvaal
Provoked war with Zulus in 1878
High cost war and lost battle led to reprimand
Gladstone withdrew him in 1880 and denounced for acting recklessly