1914-1947: Colonial Policy Flashcards
What Mandates were given to Britain
3 types of categories
Category A: Britain gained Mesopotamia and Palestine
Category B: Britain gained German colonies and Tanganyika
Category C: Britain gave the land to Dominions as reward
How did Britain obtain the Palestinian Mandate
Palestine useful to Britain.
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1915-1916) gave agreement with Fr for Palestine.
Balfour Declaration 1917 gave promise for Jewish homeland to gain support from Americans
1922 Britain secures Palestinian Mandate
How did Britain rule Palestine
Had 1922 White Paper. Give a home to Jews within Palestine.
Commissioner Herbert Samuel struggled to reconcile Jewish and Palestinian people
Mass immigration of Jews –> 1925: 34,386
1929 Anti-Jewish riots –> Br lose control
1936-1939 Palestine - Arab revolt
1937 Peel Commission separate Jews and Arabs
1939 Br White paper
How did Britain rule Iraq
Iraq was ethically, culturally and religiously divided.
1919 Paris Peace Class A mandate given to Britain
1920 Iraqi Revolt –> Tribes team up and revolt against Britain
1921 Cairo Conference put Faisal as Iraq king for illusion of national self determination
Britain gives Iraq government in return control over oil with 1925 Agreement
Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1930) –> Give independence in 2 years, Br gain full military force
1932: Iraq independence
How did Britain rule India
After WW1 had Rowlatt Act 1919 –> Extend emergency measures introduced during war times
Amritsar Massacre 1919 –> Br lose authority
Government of India Act 1919 –> Gave India bigger control, more representation in India government. Relook 10 years later
Simon Commission 1929 –> Examine effect of reform. Attempt Br more control
1930 First Round-Table Conference: Congress wanted self-rule, Gandhi not there and no agreement was reached
1931 Second Round Table Conference : Gandhi was there but was not whole of India
1932 Third Round Table Conference: No one attended
1935 Government of India Act: Gave Indians more rights, concession
1947 India becomes independent and partitioned into India and Pakistan
Colonial Policy in Africa
Africa colonial policy continued the same as growth of nationalism was typically happened 20/30 years after India. Due to the fact Africa was colonised 20/30 years after India.
How did Colonial policy change with dominions
Dominions would change into the Commonwealth with the Statute of Westminster 1931. With Canada, South Africa and Irish Free State leaving.
Idea came from Balfour Report 1926
How did Britain rule Canada (as a dominion)
Chanak Crisis 1922: Britain asked help over Turkey and Greece dispute Canada refused for first time
1923 Halibut treaty with the US (Br not involved)
1926 King Byng Crisis where after British involvement where after declaring Meighen as PM led to King winning election. Shows Britain not welcome in politics within Canada
How did Britain rule Burma
In 1886 Britain claimed Burma
In October 1919 violence broke out with Burmese monk preventing non Buddhist British entering their temple. Led to monk being arrested.
Burma was province of British India, became self ruling in 1937
Open borders giving high levels of immigration
