1857-1890: The development of imperialism Flashcards
Why was Br interested in Africa
Loss American colonies at end of 18th century.
Why did Br expand in Africa
For trade and improve economy. As many realised many raw resources were found in Africa. Such as gold, diamonds and ivory
Another was due to personal influence. A growth in Br merchants-imperialists like George Goldie and Cecil Rhodes saw interest in Africa. As well as the explorers that fascinated many of the Br public
Strategic factors such as the Suez Canal that allowed access to India easily. As well as hopes for Br to have a railway from the North to the South
Moral factors as Br people saw it as their mission to help ‘liberate’ and ‘teach’ African people. As well as the fact they thought Br to be the superior race
Exploration as many of Africa was unexplored and so the discovery of raw materials excited Br traders looking to earn money.
Why did Br have interest in Africa
Due to the Brussels conference (1876) and the Berlin Conference (1884-85)
What did Isma’il Pasha do
He was the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan from 1863 to 1879. He modernised Egypt but put them in severe debt. Leading to country selling shares of Suez Canal. Bought by Disraeli for £4 million for 44%. As well as the development of Caisse de la dette publique.
Why was the Suez Canal useful
It shortened the passageway from Br to India by a large distance. And also heightened Br interest in Egypt
What did Egypt become
A veiled protectorate. Lead by a puppet ruler Tewfiq.
What happened in June 1882 in Egypt
A revolt across Egypt where Gladstone had to intervene and sent Br naval forces to Alexandria. Arabi Pasha declared war but Garnet Wolseley managed to secure Suez Canal + Br forces defeated Arabi’s forces. Allowing Br to reinstall Tewfiq as puppet ruler.
What happened in Sudan around the 1880s
Br faced opposition from Muhammad Ahmad, calling himself the Mahdi.
The self proclaimed ‘jihadist army’ sought to liberate Sudan from outside rule.
By 1882 had taken control over area around Khartoum.
Sent some Br forces but Gladstone was reluctant to send more so ordered a retreat. This would result in General Gordon execution in 1885. Leaving Gladstone unpopular and go from G.O.M to M.O.G
