19. Reproductive System Flashcards
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Formation of gametes in males and females occurs by a type of cell division called…
Meiosis
4 Functions of the Reproductive System
- Production of Gametes
- Fertilization
- Devt and nourishment of a new individual.
- Production of reproductive hormones
Consists of the testes, a series of ducts, accessory glands, and supporting structures
Male Reproductive System
A sac-like structure containing the testees
Scrotum
Male gonads that are oval organs.
Testes
Endocrine cells that are located outside the seminiferous tubules.
Interstitial Cells
Formation of sperm cells
Spermatogenesis
Aka vas deferens
Ductus Deferens
Near the ampulla of each ductus deferens which is a sac-shaped gland
Seminal Vesicle
Short duct that extends from the seminal vesicle to the ampulla of the ductus deferens
Ejaculatory Duct
Extends from the urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis
Urethra
Male organ of copulation and functions in the transfer of sperm cells from male to the female.
Penis
Consists of both glandular and muscular tissue and is about the size and shape of a walnut
Prostate Gland
Process of engorgement of erectile tissue with blood that causes the penis to enlarge and become firm
Erection
Seminal vesicles consisting many saclike structures
Glands
aka cowper glands and is a pair of small, mucus-secreting glands located near the base of the penis.
Bulbourethral Gland
Mixture of sperm cells and male reproductive glands
Semen
Four primary functions of mucus
- Lubrication of the Urethra
- Neutralization of the contents of the normally acidic urethra
- Providing a small amount of lubrication during intercourse.
- Reduction of acidity in the vagina
Other nutrients and this specific nutrient nourish the sperm cells as they move through the female reproductive tract
Fructose
after ejaculation, these proteins help thicken the semen.
Coagulation Proteins
Help destroy abnormal sperm cells
Enzymes
Stimulates smooth muscle contractions of the female reproductive tract to propel sperm cells through the tract.
Prostaglandins
Thin, milky secretions of the prostate’s functions:
- Regulate pH
- Liquefy the Coagulated Semen
Major male hormone secreted by the testes
Testosterone
Movement of sperm cells, mucus, prostatic secretions, and seminal vesicle secretions into the prostatic, membranous, and spongy urethra.
Emission
Forceful expulsion of the secretions that have accumulated in the urethra to the exterior.
Ejaculation
Intense sensations, normally interpreted as pleasurable.
Orgasm or Climax
Penis becomes flaccid and occurs after ejaculatiom
Resolution
Sight, sound, odor or thoughts have a major effect on male sexual reflexes.
Psychological Stimuli
Ejaculation Emission and is thought to be triggered by psychological stimuli associated with dreaming
Nocturnal Sleeping
Impotence in males and the inability to achieve erections
Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
Alternative solution for infertility
Artificial Insemination
Is a small organ suspended in the pelvic cavity by two ligaments
Ovary
This gives rise to oocytes
Oogonia
Begins when a sperm cell penetrates the cytoplasm of a secondary oocyte.
Fertilization
Mass of wells formed may eventually implant in or attach to, the uterine wall and deep into a new individual
Zygote
Also called a fallopian tube or oviduct
Uterine Tubes
A long, thin processes
that surrounds the
opening of each uterine
tube
Fimbriae
part of the uterine tube
near the ovary where
fertilization usually
occurs
Ampulla
As big as a medium-size paper
Uterus
A condition where the uterus can extend inferiorly into the vagina if ligaments that support the uterus or muscles of the pelvic floor are weakened
Prolapsed Uterus
Female organ of copulation that receives the penis during intercourse
Vagina
Also called the vulva or pedendum
External Genitalia
Organs of milk production located in the breasts
Mammary Glands
Surrounded by an areola
Nipple
series of changes that occur in
sexually mature, non-pregnant
females and that result in
menses
Menstrual Cycle
critical to predict to avoid or
optimize contraception
occurs on about day 14 of the
menstrual cycle
Ovulation
result of forceful myometrial
contractions that occur before and
during menstruation
Menstrual Cramps
absence of menstrual cycle
Amenorrhea
cessation of menstrual cycles
Menopause
Removal of the penis from the vagina just
before ejaculation
Coitus Interruptus or withdrawal
Refraining from sexual intercourse
Abstinence
Often stops the menstrual cycle for up to the
first 6 months after childbirth, as long as the
baby is exclusively breastfed and the mother
does not resume menstruation while lactating
Continuous Breastfeeding or lactation
requires abstaining from sexual
intercourse near the time of
ovulation
Natural Family Planning
A sheath made of animal membrane,
rubber or plastic, such as latex
Male condom
using spermicide further increases
their effectiveness
vaginal condom
Flexible latex domes that are placed over the
cervix within the vagina
Diaphragm and Cervical cap
Foams or creams that kill sperm cells
Spermicidal Agents
Inserted into the uterus through the
cervix
Intrauterine Devices
Birth control pills
oral contraceptives
Progesterone-like chemical that is
injected intramuscularly and slowly
released into the circulatory system
Medroxyprogesterone
A surgical procedure in which the
ductus deferens from each testis is cut
and tied off within the scrotal sac
Vasectomy
The uterine tubes are tied and cut or
clamped by means of an incision
through the wall of the abdomen
Tubal ligation
