13. Circulatory System Flashcards
Cs
Functions of Circulatory System
- Carries Blood
- Transports Substances
- Helps regulate bp
- Exchanges nutrients, waste products, and gases with tissues.
- Direct blood flow to the tissues.
2 divisions of circulatory system
- Pulmonary System
- Systemic Vessels
This transports blood from the right ventricle of the heart through the lungs and back to the left atrium.
Pulmonary Vessels
This transports blood from the left ventricle of the heart through the lungs and back to the right atrium.
Systemic Vessels
General features of blood vessels structure
1.Tunica Intima
2. Tunica Media
3. Tunica Adventitia
3 Main Types of Blood Vessels
- Artery
- Vein
- Capillary
Large elastic artery that is the main trunk of the systemic arterial system.
Aorta
The first vessel to branch from aortic arch.
Brachiocephalic Artery
Normal bp for adults
120mmHg - 80mmHg(D)
Returns blood from head, neck, thorax, and upper limbs to the right atrium of the heart.
Superior Vena Cava
Returns the blood from abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs to right atrium of heart.
Inferior Vena Cava
A measure of the force blood exerts against the blood vessel walls
Blood Pressure
Period of contraction that releases blood from the heart
Systolic Pressure
Relaxation of the heart muscle and filling the heart with blood
Diastolic Pressure
A method to determine blood pressure that is most often used by professionals
Auscultatory
Turbulence of blood flow which produces vibrations in the blood and surrounding tissues
Korotkoff Sounds
If the diameter of a blood vessel is small, _______ is greater.
Resistance
Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure
Pulse Pressure
Hardening of the arteries and less elastic than normal.
Arteriosclerosis
Ejection of blood from left ventricle into the aorta.
Pulse or Pressure Wave
Nutrients diffuses across the capillary walls into the interstitial spaces
Capillary Exchange
Classification of Mechanisms Controlling Blood Flow
- Local Control
- Nervous and Hormonal Control
The average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle to perfuse blood to all the tissues of the body to keep them functional.
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure
Activate responses keeping the blood pressure within its normal range.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Respond to changes in blood concentrations of O2 and CO2 as well as pH
Chemoreceptor Reflexes
Helps to control blood pressure but has 4 important hormonal mechanisms
Hormonal mechanisms
What are the 4 hormonal Mechanisms
- Adrenal Medullary Mechanism
- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism
- Antidiuretic Hormone Mechanism
- Atrial Natriuretic Mechanism
This is most important in controlling blood pressure on a short-term basis.
Baroreceptor Mechanism
Sensitive and quickly responds but they respond to large changes in blood pressure.
Chemoreceptor and Adrenal Medullary Reflexes
More important in maintaining blood pressure on a long-term basis.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone, ADH, Atrial Natriuretic Mechanisms
