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AnaPhy > 16. Digestive System > Flashcards

16. Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of Digestive System

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. DIgestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Elimination
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2
Q

Consists of digestive tract (gastrointestinal tract) plus associated organs.

A

Digestive SYstem

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3
Q

What are these?
1. Oral cavity or mouth
2. Pharynx (throat)
3. The esophagus
4. The stomach
5. Small and large intestines
6. Anus

A

Digestive Tract

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4
Q

The stratified epithelium protects them from the abrasion of chewing and swallowing

A

Oral Cavity and the Esophagus

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5
Q

The columnar epithelium (absorption of nutrients and secretion of digestive fluids)

A

Stomach and Intestine

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6
Q

Four major tunics or layers of digestive tract

A
  1. Mucosa
    2.Submucosa
  2. Muscularis
  3. Serosa
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7
Q

Serous membrane that covers the organ

A

Peritoneum

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8
Q

Connective tissue sheets that hold in place the organs of the abdominal cavity.

A

Mesenteries

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9
Q

Life-threatening inflammation of the peritoneal membranes

A

Peritonitis

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10
Q

Bounded by the lips and cheeks which contains the teeth and tongue

A

Oral Cavity/Mouth

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11
Q

Reddish-pink appearance that formed mostly by the orbicularis oris muscle.

A

Lips

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12
Q

Form the lateral walls of the oral cavity

A

Cheeks

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13
Q

Large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity which is covered by the papillae, some of which contain taste buds

A

Tongue

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14
Q

32 in normal adult mouth and is located in mandible and maxillae.

A

Teeth

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15
Q

Regions of tooth

A
  1. Crown (the visible portion)
  2. Neck (small region between the root and crown)
  3. Root (largest region of the tooth
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16
Q

Within the center of the tooth

A

Pulp Cavity

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17
Q

Breakdown of enamel by acids produced by bacteria on the tooth surface

A

Dental Caries/Tooth Decay

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17
Q

Roof of the oral cavity which prevents the food from passing into the nasal cavity

A

Palate

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18
Q

Front-line defense forming the initial immunological response to inhaled or ingested pathogens

A

Tonsils

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19
Q

3 Major of pairs of salivary glands

A
  1. Parotid Glands
  2. Submandibular Glands
  3. Sublingual Glands
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20
Q

Inflammation of the parotid gland caused by a viral infecion

A

Mumps

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21
Q

A versatile fluid that helps keep the oral cavity moist and contains enzymes.

A

Saliva

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22
Q

Digestion of polysaccharides by salivary amylase enhances the sweet taste of food

A

Salivary Amylase

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23
Q

Mildly antibacterial enzyme that prevents bacterial infections in the mouth

A

Lysozyme

24
Q

Chewing by the teeth which breaks the large food particles into many small ones to increase surface area

A

Mastication

25
Q

Connects the mouth with the esophagus

A

Pharynx

26
Q

This has 3 phases:
1. Voluntary Phase
2. Pharyngeal Phase
3. Esophageal Phase

A

Swallowing

27
Q

Muscular tube, lined with moist stratified squamous epithelium

A

Esophagus

28
Q

-Primarily houses food for mixing with hydrochloric acid and other secretions
-enlarged segment of the digestive tract

A

Stomach

29
Q

Stomach Secretions from the Gastric Glands include:

A
  1. Hydrochloric Acid
  2. Pepsin
  3. Mucus
  4. Intrinsic Factor
30
Q

Kills microorganism and activates the enzyme, pepsin.

A

Hydrochloric Acid

31
Q

Breaks covalent bonds of proteins

A

Pepsin

32
Q

Forms a thick layer, which lubricates the epithelial cells of the stomach wall

A

Mucus

33
Q

Binds with vitamin b12

A

Intrinsic Factor

34
Q

A painful or burning sensation in the chest

A

Heartburn or Gastritis

35
Q

2 Types of Stomach Movement

A
  1. Mixing Waves
  2. Peristaltic Waves
36
Q

The major site of digestion and absorption of food

A

Small Intestine

37
Q

4 Major Cell Types of the Small Intestine’s Mucosa

A
  1. Absorptive Cells (produce digestive enzymes)
  2. Goblet Cells (produce a protective mucus)
  3. Granular Cells (protect the intestinal epithelium)
  4. Endocrine Cells
    (produce regulatory hormones)
38
Q

Largest internal organ of the body

A

Liver

39
Q

There are two lobes of the liver which are the right and left lobe. What separates the two lobes?

A

Falciform Ligament

40
Q

What are the two sources of blood

A
  1. Hepatic Artery
  2. Hepatic Portal Vein
41
Q

What are these?
1. Digestive and secretion
2. Storage and processing of nutrients
3. Detoxification of harmful chemicals
4. Synthesis of new molecules

A

Functions of the Liver

42
Q

An important contributor to the liver’s digestive functions

A

Bile

43
Q

A complex organ composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissues that perform several functions

A

Pancreas

44
Q

This is a lipid-digesting enzyme

A

Lipase

45
Q

The large intestine is consist of: CCRA

A

Cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

46
Q

This facilitates the transit of ingested material, requiring approximately 18-24 hours for completion

A

Large Intestine

47
Q

What are these:
1. Feces Formation
2. Microbial Activity
3. Mass Movements
4. Defecation Reflex

A

Functions of the Large Intestine

48
Q

The breakdown of food molecules that are small enough to be absorbed into the circulation

A

Digestion

49
Q

A digestion that breaks arge food particles into smaller ones

A

Mechanical Digestion

50
Q

Uses enzyme to break covalent chemical bonds in organic molecules

A

Chemical Digestion

51
Q

Consists primarily of starches, cellulose, sucrose and small amounts of fructose

A

Carbohydrates

52
Q

an energy storage molecule in plants

A

Starch

53
Q

Forms the walls of plant cells

A

Cellulose

54
Q

An energy-storage molecule in animals and is contained in muscle and in the liver.

A

Glycogen

55
Q

-Insoluble or only slightly soluble in water
-include triglycerides, phospholipids steroids, and fat-soluble vitamines

A

Lipids

56
Q

Secreted by the pancreas, digest lipid molecules

A

Lipase

57
Q

chains of amino acids found in most of the plant and animal products we eat

A

Proteins

58
Q

Any change in bowel habits involving increased stool frequency or volume or increased stool fluidity.

A

Diarrhea

AnaPhy (10 decks)

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