15. Respiratory System Flashcards
RS
Functions of Respiratory System
- Respiration
- Regulation of Blood pH
- Voice Production
- Olfaction
- Innate Immunity
Consist of external nose, composed of hyaline cartilage while its bone and cartilage are covered by connective tissue and skin
Nose
External openings of the nose
Nares
Starts from the nares to the choanae
Nasal Cavity
This hair inside the nares and the mucus produced by the goblet trap large dust particles
Coarse Hairs
Divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts
Nasal Septum
The floor of the nasal cavity which separates the nasal cavity to oral cavity
Hard Palate
Three prominent bony ridges on the lateral walls on each side of the nasal cavity.
Chonchae
Air-filled spaces within the bone. Reduces the weight of the skull, produce mucus, and influence the quality of the voice by acting as resonating chambers
Paranasal Sinuses
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of a sinus.
Sinusitis
Carries tears from the eyes, also open into the nasal cavity.
Nasoclacrimal Ducts
Mechanism that dislodges foreign substances from the nasal cavity.
Sneeze Reflex
Common passageway for both the respiratory and the digestive system.
Pharynx
Soft palate that is elevated during swallowing.
Pharyngeal Tonsil
Extends from the uvula to the epiglottis.
Oropharynx
Located on the surface of the posterior part of the tongue
Lingual Tonsils
Food and drink pass through the _____ to the esophagus.
Laryngopharynx
Commonly called as the voice box.
Larynx
Also called as adam’s. Apple.
Thyroid
Inflammation of the mucous epithelium of the vocal folds.
Laryngitis
The windpipe, allows air to flow into the lungs
Trachea
During coughing, the smooth muscle of the trachea contracts decreasing the trachea’s diameter.
Cough Reflex
Where gas exchange between the air and blood takes place.
Respiratory membrane
The cavity that surrounds each lung.
Pleural Cavities.
Covers the surface of the lungs.
Visceral Pleura
Two Lymphatic Supplies
- Superficial Lymphatic System
- Deep Lymphatic System
They drain lymph from the superficial lung tissue and the visceral pleura.
Superficial Lymphatic Vessels
Drain lymph from the bronchi and associated connective tissues.
Deep Lymphatic Vessels
The process of moving air into and out of the lungs
Ventilation or breathing
Movement of air into the lungs
Inspiration or Inhalation
Movement of air out of the lungs
Expiration
Large dome of skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Inhaling requires a set of muscles called as
Muscles of Inspiration
Two Factors keeping the lungs from collapsing
- Surfactant
- Pleural Pressure
Process of measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system
Spirometry
Volume of air inspired or expired with each breath
Tidal Volume
The sum of the inspiratory and expiratory reserves.
Total lung capacity
CO2 is transported in three ways:
- Dissolved in plasma
- Transported bound to blood proteins
- Transported in the form of bicarbonate ions.
Generates the basic pattern of normal breathing
Medullary Respiratory Center
The major chemical regulator for breathing
CO2
Regular exercise can lead to:
- Increased lung capacity
- Decreased respiratory rate at rest
