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AnaPhy > 17. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature > Flashcards

17. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Flashcards

As

1
Q

The process by which food is taken into and used by the body

A

Nutrition

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2
Q

The study of food and drink requirements for normal body

A

Nutrition

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3
Q

Chemicals that provide energy and building blocks for new molecules in the body

A

Nutrients

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4
Q

Include monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.

A

Carbohydrates

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5
Q

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution
Range (AMDR) for carbohydrates?

A

45-65 percent

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6
Q

Stores energy, surrounds and protects organs, and acts as an insulator.

A

Adipose Tissue

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7
Q

chains of amino acids found in most plant and animal products.

A

Protein

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8
Q

are necessary for protein construction
but can be synthesized

A

Nonessential amino acids

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9
Q

contain all nine essential amino acids in
the required proportion.

A

Complete Protein Food

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10
Q

do not contain all the nine essential
amino acids.

A

Incomplete Protein Foods

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11
Q

-structural strength in connective tissue and skin
-muscle contraction
-regulate chemical reactions and
physiological processes
-clotting factors, transport molecules, and
buffers

A

USES OF PROTEINS IN THE BODY

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12
Q

RECOMMENDED CONSUMPTION OF PROTEINS

A

10–35% of total
kilocalories.

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13
Q

organic molecules essential for
normal metabolism and must be obtained
through the diet.

A

Vitamins

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14
Q

inorganic
nutrients essential for normal
metabolic functions.

A

Minerals

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15
Q

appear on food labels to help consumers plan a healthful diet and to minimize confusion

A

Daily Values

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16
Q

are set for total fat, saturated
fat, cholesterol, total
Daily Reference Values (DRVs)
carbohydrate, dietary
fiber, sodium,
potassium, and protein.

A

Daily Reference Values (DRVs)

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17
Q

the Daily Values are used to
calculate the Percent Daily Value
(% Daily Value) for some of the
nutrients in one serving of the food

A

Percent Daily Value

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18
Q

the chemical
reactions that occur during
digestion and the chemical
reactions that occur in the cells of
the body after the products of
digestion are taken up by cells.

A

METABOLISM

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19
Q

TYPES OF METABOLISM

A

Catabolism and anabolism

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20
Q

Energy-releasing process by which large
molecules are broken down into smaller
ones. Ingested food is the source of
molecules used in catabolic reactions.

A

CATABOLISM

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21
Q

Energy requiring process by which small
molecules are joined to form larger ones.
Anabolic reactions result in the synthesis of
the molecules necessary for life.

A

ANABOLISM

22
Q

The products of digestion such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino
acids are molecules containing energy within their chemical bonds..

A

REGULATION OF METABOLISM

23
Q

A series of chemical reactions that controls the energy release from molecules.

A

BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY

24
Q

The biochemical processes responsible for the metabolic formation,
breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms.

A

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

25
Q

most important monosaccharide in terms of cellular
metabolism.

A

Glucose

26
Q

long-term, energy-storage
molecules that the body
can store in large amounts.

A

Lipids

27
Q

short-term energy-storage
molecule that the body can
store only in limited amounts

A

Glycogen

28
Q

series of chemical reactions that occur in the fluid part of cytoplasm that results in
the breakdown of glucose to two pyruvic acid molecules.

A

GLYCOLYSIS

29
Q

breakdown of glucose in the absence of O2 in human cells results in
the production of two molecules of lactate and two molecules of ATP.

A

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

30
Q

breakdown of glucose in the presence of O2 to produce CO2, water,
and 38 molecules of ATP.

A

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

31
Q

series of reactions wherein the six-carbon citric acid
molecule is converted into a four-carbon molecule.

A

Citric Acid Cycle

32
Q

“Form in the shape of Triglycerides” or fat

A

LIPID METABOLISM

33
Q

the breaking down of Triglycerides into Glycerol and Fatty Acids

A

Lipolysis

34
Q

the fusion of Glycerol and Fatty Acids
Glycerol (3c) can lead to glycolysis
Fatty Acids (16c

A

LIPOGENESIS

35
Q

the breaking down of fatty acid

A

Beta Oxidation

36
Q

when acetyl coa is converted in ketone bodies

A

KETOGENESIS

37
Q

conversion of acetyl coa to cholesterol

A

CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS

38
Q

denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the
synthesis of proteins and amino acids (anabolism), and the
breakdown of proteins by catabolism

A

PROTEIN METABOLISM

39
Q

Large polymers of amino acids

A

PROTEINS

40
Q

refers to the
overall condition of an organism’s
metabolism, which involves the
biochemical processes that occur
within cells to sustain life.

A

METABOLIC
STATE

41
Q

total amount of energy
produced and used by the body
per unit of time

A

METABOLIC
RATE

42
Q

Humans can maintain a relatively constant
internal body temperature despite changes
in the temperature of the surrounding
environment.

A

BODYTEMP. REGULATION

43
Q

gain or loss of heat as infrared energy between two
objects that are not in physical contact with each other

A

Radiation

44
Q

the exchange of heat between objects that are in
direct contact with each other

A

Conduction

45
Q

transfer of heat between the body and the
air or water.

A

Convection

46
Q

conversion of water from a liquid to a
gaseous form.

A

Evaporation

47
Q

A condition in which heat gain in the
body exceeds heat loss. It can result from
exposure to a hot environment, exercise,
or fever.

A

Hyperthermia

48
Q

Prolonged exposure to a hot environment can
lead to ______ _______, _______ _______ is
characterized by cool, wet skin due to heavy
sweating.

A

Heat Exhaustion

49
Q

results from an increase in the hypothalamic
set point and is characterized by dry, flushed
skin because sweating is inhibited.

A

Heat Stroke

50
Q

a condition in which heat loss exceeds heat gain.
_________ usually results from prolonged
exposure to a cold environment or even to a cool,
damp environment because the moisture draws
heat away from the body

A

Hypothermia

51
Q

local damage to the skin or deeper tissues
resulting from prolonged exposure to a cold
environment.

A

Frostbite

AnaPhy (10 decks)

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