1.9: Consistency, commitment and flexibility

Question 1

Minority influence

Answer 1

Minority influence is a type of social influence that motivates individuals to reject established majority group norms

Question 2

Minority influence leads to what?

Answer 2

Minority influence leads to internalisation

Question 3

Minority influence leads to internalisation, in which we agree what with the minority view?

Answer 3

Minority influence leads to internalisation, in which we agree:
1. Publicly
2. Privately
with the minority view

Question 4

Minority influence is a type of social influence that motivates individuals to reject established majority group norms.
This is achieved through the process of what?

Answer 4

Minority influence is achieved through the process of conversion

Question 5

Minority influence is a type of social influence that motivates individuals to reject established majority group norms.
Minority influence is achieved through the process of conversion, where what?

Answer 5

Minority influence is achieved through the process of conversion, where majorities become gradually won over to a minority viewpoint

Question 6

Minority influence is a type of social influence that motivates individuals to reject established majority group norms.
Minority influence is achieved through the process of conversion, where majorities become gradually won over to a minority viewpoint.
Conversion involves the new belief/behaviour being accepted both what?

Answer 6

Conversion involves the new belief/behaviour being accepted both:

1. Publicly
2. Privately

Question 7

Minority influence is a type of social influence that motivates individuals to reject established majority group norms.
Minority influence is achieved through the process of conversion, where majorities become gradually won over to a minority viewpoint.
Conversion involves the new belief/behaviour being accepted both publicly and privately and can be seen as a type of internalisation, because it involves a change in an individual’s what?

Answer 7

Conversion:

1. Involves the new belief/behaviour being accepted both publicly and privately
2. Can be seen as a type of internalisation, because it involves a change in an individual’s belief system

Question 8

Minority influence is a type of social influence that motivates individuals to reject established majority group norms.
Minority influence is achieved through the process of conversion, where majorities become gradually won over to a minority viewpoint.
Conversion involves the new belief/behaviour being accepted both publicly and privately and can be seen as a type of internalisation, because it involves a change in an individual’s belief system and as such is regarded as a what form of conformity?

Answer 8

Conversion:

1. Involves the new belief/behaviour being accepted both publicly and privately
2. Can be seen as a type of internalisation, because it involves a change in an individual’s belief system
3. As such is regarded as a strong (true) form of conformity

Question 9

Conversion through minority influence generally occurs through what?

Answer 9

Conversion through minority influence generally occurs through informational social influence

Question 10

Conversion through minority influence generally occurs through informational social influence, where a minority provide new what to the majority?

Answer 10

Conversion through minority influence generally occurs through informational social influence, where a minority provide new:
1. Information
2. Ideas
to the majority

Question 11

Conversion through minority influence generally occurs through informational social influence, where a minority provide new information and ideas to the majority.
Minority influence therefore takes longer to achieve than majority influence based on what?

Answer 11

Minority influence therefore takes longer to achieve than majority influence based on compliance

Question 12

Conversion through minority influence generally occurs through informational social influence, where a minority provide new information and ideas to the majority.
Minority influence therefore takes longer to achieve than majority influence based on compliance, where conformity is what?

Answer 12

Minority influence therefore takes longer to achieve than majority influence based on compliance, where conformity is:

1. Instantaneous
2. Unthinking

Question 13

Conversion through minority influence generally occurs through informational social influence, where a minority provide new information and ideas to the majority.
Minority influence therefore takes longer to achieve than majority influence based on compliance, where conformity is instantaneous and unthinking, because time will need to be taken for individuals to do what in light of the new information and beliefs that the minority are advocating?

Answer 13

Minority influence therefore takes longer to achieve than majority influence based on compliance, where conformity is instantaneous and unthinking, because time will need to be taken for individuals to re-examine their:
1. Beliefs
2. Behaviour
in light of the new information and beliefs that the minority are advocating

Question 14

Social cryptoamnesia (the ‘snowball effect’)

Answer 14

Social cryptoamnesia (the ‘snowball effect’) is the gradual process by which minority opinions become majority ones

Question 15

Social cryptoamnesia (the 'snowball effect') is the gradual process by which minority opinions become majority ones.
At first, converts to the minority viewpoint are few, but as more and more people change their attitude, what happens?

Answer 15

At first, converts to the minority viewpoint are few, but as more and more people change their attitude, the:

1. Pace picks up
2. Minority gains status, power and acceptability

Question 16

Minority influence is a crucial factor in bringing about what?

Answer 16

Minority influence is a crucial factor in bringing about:

1. Innovation
2. Social change

Question 17

Minority influence is a crucial factor in bringing about innovation and social change and research has suggested that what are important factors in helping achieve minority influence?

Answer 17

Minority influence is a crucial factor in bringing about innovation and social change and research has suggested that:
1. Behavioural style
2. Flexibility
are important factors in helping achieve minority influence

Question 18

Minority influence is a crucial factor in bringing about innovation and social change and research has suggested that behavioural style, especially what, and flexibility are important factors in helping achieve minority influence?

Answer 18

Minority influence is a crucial factor in bringing about innovation and social change and research has suggested that behavioural style, especially:
1. Consistency
2. Commitment
and flexibility are important factors in helping achieve minority influence

Question 19

Behavioural style - Consistency and commitment:
Minority influence will be persuasive if the minority is what with its opinion/behaviour, shows what in its beliefs and appears what?

Answer 19

Minority influence will be persuasive if the minority:

1. Is consistent (unchanging) with its opinion/behaviour
2. Shows confidence in its beliefs
3. Appears unbiased

Question 20

Behavioural style - Consistency and commitment:
Minority influence will be persuasive if the minority is consistent (unchanging) with its opinion/behaviour, shows confidence in its beliefs and appears unbiased.
What seems to be the most important feature here?

Answer 20

Consistency seems to be the most important feature here

Question 21

Behavioural style - Consistency and commitment:
Minority influence will be persuasive if the minority is consistent (unchanging) with its opinion/behaviour, shows confidence in its beliefs and appears unbiased.
Consistency seems to be the most important feature here, because it shows that the minority are what?

Answer 21

Consistency seems to be the most important feature here, because it shows that the minority are committed

Question 22

Behavioural style - Consistency and commitment:
Minority influence will be persuasive if the minority is consistent (unchanging) with its opinion/behaviour, shows confidence in its beliefs and appears unbiased.
Consistency seems to be the most important feature here, because it shows that the minority are committed, especially if the minority have had to resist what?

Answer 22

Consistency seems to be the most important feature here, because it shows that the minority are committed, especially if the minority have had to resist:

1. Social pressures
2. Abuses against their viewpoint

Question 23

Behavioural style - Consistency and commitment:
Minority influence will be persuasive if the minority is consistent (unchanging) with its opinion/behaviour, shows confidence in its beliefs and appears unbiased.
Consistency seems to be the most important feature here, because it shows that the minority are committed, especially if the minority have had to resist social pressures and abuses against their viewpoint, and it creates enough what about established norms to get individuals to do what?

Answer 23

Consistency seems to be the most important feature here, because it:

1. Shows that the minority are committed, especially if the minority have had to resist social pressures and abuses against their viewpoint
2. Creates enough doubt about established norms to get individuals to re-examine their own beliefs and behaviour

Question 24

Behavioural style - Consistency:

Over time, the consistency in the minority’s views increases the amount of what from other people?

Answer 24

Over time, the consistency in the minority’s views increases the amount of interest from other people

Question 25

Behavioural style - Consistency:
Over time, the consistency in the minority’s views increases the amount of interest from other people.
Consistency can make other people rethink their own views.
What is synchronic consistency?

Answer 25

Synchronic consistency is consistency between people in the minority (they’re all saying the same thing)

Question 26

Behavioural style - Consistency:
Over time, the consistency in the minority’s views increases the amount of interest from other people.
Consistency can make other people rethink their own views.
What is diachronic consistency?

Answer 26

Diachronic consistency is consistency over time (they’ve been saying the same thing for a long time)

Question 27

Behavioural style - Commitment:

Sometimes minorities engage in what to draw attention to their view?

Answer 27

Sometimes minorities engage in extreme activities to draw attention to their view

Question 28

Behavioural style - Commitment:
Sometimes minorities engage in extreme activities to draw attention to their view.
It is important that these actions are seen to be what in some way?

Answer 28

It is important that these actions are seen to be risky in some way

Question 29

Behavioural style - Commitment:
Sometimes minorities engage in extreme activities to draw attention to their view.
It is important that these actions are seen to be risky in some way, because this demonstrates that the minority is committed to what?

Answer 29

It is important that these actions are seen to be risky in some way, because this demonstrates that the minority is committed to their cause

Question 30

Behavioural style - Commitment:
Sometimes minorities engage in extreme activities to draw attention to their view.
It is important that these actions are seen to be risky in some way, because this demonstrates that the minority is committed to their cause.
People would think, for example, what?

Answer 30

People would think, for example, that ‘they must really believe in this, if they’re willing to get hurt’

Question 31

Behavioural style - Commitment:
Sometimes minorities engage in extreme activities to draw attention to their view.
It is important that these actions are seen to be risky in some way, because this demonstrates that the minority is committed to their cause.
People would think, for example, that ‘they must really believe in this, if they’re willing to get hurt.’
This is referred to as what?

Answer 31

This is referred to as the Augmentation Principle

Question 32

Behavioural style - Commitment:
Sometimes minorities engage in extreme activities to draw attention to their view.
It is important that these actions are seen to be risky in some way, because this demonstrates that the minority is committed to their cause.
People would think, for example, that ‘they must really believe in this, if they’re willing to get hurt.’
This is referred to as the Augmentation Principle.
Example

Answer 32

For example, the Suffragette movement - a minority group of women who believed that they deserved the right to vote

Question 33

Consistency - This means that the minority must be clear on what they are asking for and not change their minds or disagree amongst themselves.
What does this do amongst the majority?

Answer 33

This creates uncertainty amongst the majority.

Question 34

Consistent minorities who are what in their beliefs and behaviour will not be what?

Answer 34

Consistent minorities who are:
1. Inflexible
2. Rigid
3. Uncompromising
in their beliefs and behaviour will not be persuasive

Question 35

Consistent minorities who are inflexible, rigid and uncompromising in their beliefs and behaviour will not be persuasive.
If consistent minorities are seen to be what by demonstrating an ability to be what, then they will be persuasive?

Answer 35

If consistent minorities are seen to be flexible by demonstrating an ability to be:
1. Moderate
2. Co-operative
3. Reasonable
,then they will be persuasive

Question 36

Consistent minorities who are inflexible, rigid and uncompromising in their beliefs and behaviour will not be persuasive.
If consistent minorities are seen to be flexible by demonstrating an ability to be moderate, co-operative and reasonable, then they will be persuasive.
Successful minority influence therefore seems to require what?

Answer 36

Successful minority influence therefore seems to require the minority to:

1. Compromise
2. Be slightly inconsistent in its position

Question 37

Who (what year) argued that if a minority is seen as being what, they are deemed to be what?

Answer 37

Nemeth (1986) argued that if a minority is seen as being ‘too consistent,’ they are deemed to be:

1. Inflexible
2. Uncompromising

Question 38

Nemeth (1986) argued that if a minority is seen as being ‘too consistent,’ they are deemed to be inflexible and uncompromising.
When this happens, the majority is what to change their view to match the minority?

Answer 38

When this happens, the majority is unlikely to change their view to match the minority

Question 39

Consistent minorities who are inflexible, rigid and uncompromising in their beliefs and behaviour will not be persuasive, because it can be off-putting to the majority and thus unlikely to result in any conversions to the minority position.
Instead, members of the minority group need to be prepared to do what?

Answer 39

Instead, members of the minority group need to be prepared to adapt their point of view and accept reasonable and valid counter-arguments

Question 40

Consistent minorities who are inflexible, rigid and uncompromising in their beliefs and behaviour will not be persuasive, because it can be off-putting to the majority and thus unlikely to result in any conversions to the minority position.
Instead, members of the minority group need to be prepared to adapt their point of view and accept reasonable and valid counter-arguments.
The key is to strike a balance between what?

Answer 40

The key is to strike a balance between consistency and flexibility

Question 41

Consistency, commitment and flexibility make people think about the topic.
If you hear something which agrees with what you already believe, it doesn’t make you stop and think, but if you hear something new, then you might think about it, especially if the source of this other view is

Answer 41

If you hear something which agrees with what you already believe, it doesn’t make you stop and think, but if you hear something new, then you might think about it, especially if the source of this other view is consistent and passionate

Question 42

Consistency, commitment and flexibility make people think about the topic.
If you hear something which agrees with what you already believe, it doesn’t make you stop and think, but if you hear something new, then you might think about it, especially if the source of this other view is consistent and passionate.
It is this

Answer 42

It is this deeper processing which is important in the process of conversion to a different, minority viewpoint

Question 43

Consistency, commitment and flexibility make people think about the topic.
If you hear something which agrees with what you already believe, it doesn’t make you stop and think, but if you hear something new, then you might think about it, especially if the source of this other view is consistent and passionate.
It is this deeper processing which is important in the process of conversion to a different, minority viewpoint.
Over time, increasing numbers of people switch from the majority position to the minority position.
The more that this happens, the faster the rate of conversion.
This is called the snowball effect.
Gradually,

Answer 43

Gradually:

1. The minority view has become the majority view
2. Change has occurred