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Psychology > 10.4: Psychological explanations - Differential association theory > Flashcards

10.4: Psychological explanations - Differential association theory Flashcards

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Psychology (141 decks)

1.1: Conformity (majority influence)

1.2: Informational social influence (ISI)

1.2: Normative social influence (NSI)

1.2: Arthur Jenness (1932)

1.2: Solomon Asch (1955) + Mori and Arai (2010)

1.3: Situational variables

1.4: Conformity to social roles and Philip Zimbardo (1973)

1.5: Stanley Milgram (1963)

1.5: Ethical considerations

1.5: Methodological criticisms

1.5: Jerry Burger (2009)

1.5: Charles Hofling et al. (1966)

1.6: The agentic state

1.7: The external explanation

1.7: The internal explanation

1.8: Social support

1.8: Locus of control

1.8: Other factors involved in the resistance of obedience

1.9: Consistency, commitment and flexibility

1.9: Serge Moscovici et al. (1969)

1.10: Social change

2.1: The MSM and the sensory register (SR)

2.1: Short-term memory (STM)

2.1: Long-term memory (LTM)

2.2: The WMM and the central executive (CE)

2.2: The phonological loop (PL)

2.2: The visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS)

2.2: The episodic buffer

2.3: Episodic LTM

2.3: Semantic LTM

2.3: Procedural LTM

2.4: Interference theory (IT)

2.4: Retrieval failure theory (cue-dependent forgetting)

2.4: Repression

2.4: Eyewitness testimony (EWT)

2.5: Misleading information

2.5: Elizabeth Loftus and John Palmer (1974)

2.6: The cognitive interview (CI)

2.6: The enhanced cognitive interview (ECI)

3.1: Caregiver-infant interactions in humans

3.1: Stages of attachment development

3.1: Rudi Schaffer and Peggy Emerson (1964)

3.1: The role of the father

3.2: Animal studies of attachment

3.2: Konrad Lorenz (1935) - Imprinting

3.2: Harry Harlow (1959) - Even baby monkeys need comfort more than food

3.2: Other research

3.3: Learning theory

3.3: Bowlby's monotropic theory (1951, 1969, 1973)

3.4: Ainsworth et al's 1978 'Strange Situation'

3.4: Cultural variations in attachment

3.4: Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)

3.5: Short-term separation

3.5: Long-term deprivation

3.5: Institutionalisation

3.5: Romanian orphan studies

3.6: Childhood relationships

3.6: Adult relationships

3.6: Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver (1987)

4.1: The deviation from social norms definition

4.1: The failure to function adequately definition

4.1: Deviation from the ideal mental health definition

4.1: The statistical infrequency definition

4.2: Depression

4.2: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

4.2: The explanation and treatment of mental disorders

4.3: Explaining phobias

4.3: Treating phobias

4.4: Explaining depression

4.4: Treating depression

4.5: Genetic explanations

4.5: Neural explanations

4.5: The biological approach to treating OCD

4.5: Other treatments

The emergence of psychology as a science

The biological approach

The behaviourist approach

Social learning theory

Bandura, Ross and Ross (1961)

The cognitive approach

Simons and Chabris

The psychodynamic approach

Psychosexual stages

Humanistic psychology

Comparison of approaches

6.1: The central nervous system (CNS)

6.1: The peripheral nervous system (PNS)

6.2: The process of synaptic transmission

6.3: The influence of neurochemistry on behaviour: The function of the endocrine system

6.4: The fight-or-flight response, including the role of adrenaline

6.5: Localisation of function in the brain

6.5: Split-brain research into hemispheric lateralisation

6.5: Plasticity and functional recovery of the brain after trauma

6.6: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

6.6: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs)

6.6: Post-mortem examinations

6.7: Circadian rhythms

6.7: Infradian rhythms

6.7: Ultradian rhythms

6.7: Endogenous pacemakers and the sleep/wake cycle

6.7: Exogenous zeitgebers and the sleep/wake cycle

Types of experiment

Observational techniques

Pilot studies and peer review

Content analysis

Thematic analysis

3.1: Sexual selection

3.2: The factors affecting attraction - Physical attractiveness

3.3: The factors affecting attraction - Self-disclosure

3.3: The factors affecting attraction - Filter theory

3.4: Theories of romantic relationships - Social exchange theory (SET)

3.4: Theories of romantic relationships - Equity theory

3.4: Theories of romantic relationships - Rusbult's investment model

3.4: Theories of romantic relationships - Duck's phase model of relationship breakdown

3.5: Virtual relationships in social media

3.6: Parasocial relationships

6.1: Diagnosis and classification of schizophrenia

6.2: Biological explanations for schizophrenia

6.4: Drug therapies

6.3: Psychological explanations for schizophrenia

6.5: Psychological therapies

6.6: The interactionist approach

10.1: Offender profiling - The top-down approach

10.2: Offender profiling - The bottom-up approach

10.3: Biological explanations - Atavistic form

10.3: Biological explanations - Genetic and neural explanations

10.4: Psychological explanations - Eysenck's theory of the criminal personality

10.4: Psychological explanations - Cognitive explanations

10.4: Psychological explanations - Differential association theory

10.4: Psychological explanations - Psychodynamic explanations of offending

10.5: Dealing with offending behaviour - Custodial sentencing

10.5: Dealing with offending behaviour - Behaviour modification in custody

10.5: Dealing with offending behaviour - Anger management

10.5: Dealing with offending behaviour - Restorative justice programmes

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