19-1 Review Flashcards
civil service
system that includes most government jobs, except elected positions, the judiciary and military
primary
election in which voters, rather than party leaders, choose their party’s candidate for an election
recall
process by which voters can remove an elected official from office
initiative
process that allows voters to put a bill before a state legislature
referendum
process by which citizens vote directly on a bill
graduated income tax
tax on earning that charges different rates for different income levels
muckraker
crusading journalist
President Garfield
Assassinated by a man who was upset he didn’t get a government job after Garfield’s election
Pendleton Act
Got rid of the spoils system for most government jobs besides elected officials, judges and the military
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
Federal government regulates interstate trade
Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
a law the U.S. Congress passed to prohibit trusts, monopolies, and cartels. Its purpose was to promote economic fairness and competitiveness and to regulate interstate commerce.
16th Amendment
Congress has the power to create an income tax
17th Amendment
Direct election of U.S. Senators instead of by state governments
Jacob Riis
Muckraker who took pictures of the urban poor and published called “How the Other Half Lives.”
Upton Sinclair
Wrote about the working and unsanitary working conditions in the meat packing industry in “The Jungle.” This book led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.
“Gilded Age”
Period after the Civil War until the Progressive Era that saw the rise in monopolies/trusts, corruption, poor working conditions and housing/sanitation problems in cities. Gilded means “covered with a thin layer of gold.”
