17 - Rotavirus

Question 1

Rotavirus is primarily a problem for ______

Answer 1

kids under 5 years of age

Question 2

T or F: Nearly every child in the world is infected with rotavirus at least once by the age of 5

Answer 2

T

Question 3

___________ develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe; adults are rarely affected

Answer 3

immunity

Question 4

Rotavirus is transmitted via the ___________

Answer 4

fecal-oral route

Question 5

In Canada about 1 in _ cases of gastroenteritis are caused by rotavirus

Answer 5

5

Question 6

Effective treatments for Rotavirus include:

Answer 6

• oral rehydration therapy (for those already infected)

- vaccination (to prevent infection)

Question 7

T or F: The USA and Canada vaccinate all children against rotavirus, and their hospitalization rates have fallen since this program was introduced

Answer 7

T

Question 8

Canada recommends that all children be vaccinated against rotavirus between ______ weeks and _____ months

Answer 8

6

8

Question 9

Rotavirus causes a mild to severe disease characterized by __________________________

Answer 9

nausea
vomiting
watery diarrhea
low-grade fever

Question 10

Once a child is infected by the virus, there is an incubation period of about _________ before the symptoms appear

Answer 10

2

Question 11

The period of illness is ___________, symptoms often start with vomiting followed by four to eight days of profuse diarrhea

Answer 11

acute

Question 12

__________________ is more common in rotavirus infection than in most of those caused by bacterial pathogens, and is the most common cause of death related to rotavirus infection

Answer 12

dehydration

Question 13

Rotavirus characteristics:

Answer 13

• RNA genome
• dsRNA
• non-enveloped virus
• genome 18,550 bp long

Question 14

Rotavirus has a segmented linear ________ genome

Answer 14

dsRNA

Question 15

The rotavirus genome contains ___ segments which code for ___ viral proteins

Answer 15

11

12

Question 16

The viral mRNAs contain the 5’ methylated cap, but lack the ________

Answer 16

poly A tail

Question 17

T or F: Instead the mRNAs have a 3’ consensus sequence (UGACC) that is conserved in all segments, and likely terminated translation

Answer 17

T

Question 18

If an individual is co-infected with 2 different rotaviruses at the same time =

Answer 18

genetic reassortment

Question 19

T or F: the rotavirus encodes for several layers of capsids and spike proteins

Answer 19

T

Question 20

The external surface is made up of the _____ glycoprotein (yellow) and is embedded with the _____ spike attachment protein (red)

Answer 20

VP7

VP4

Question 21

The intermediate ______ layer is shown in blue and the ______ core shell is shown in green

Answer 21

VP6

VP2

Question 22

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (___) and RNA capping enzyme (___) are attached to the inner surface of the VP2 shell (dsRNA)

Answer 22

VP1

VP3

Question 23

Rotavirus replication and gene expression:

Answer 23

• Rotavirus comes through the plasma membrane
• Transcription and release of +RNAs
• +RNAs get translated into proteins
• genomic replication occurs inside the ER
• viral assembly occurs in the ER (core proteins get assembled around the nucleic material)
• VP6 coats it
• merges out using the VP7 and VP4 to add the second coat
• mature virions are released presumably following cell death and associated breakdown of host plasma membrane