Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > 17-18 - Respiration Regulation & Blood Transport of Gases > Flashcards

17-18 - Respiration Regulation & Blood Transport of Gases Flashcards

1
Q

O2 requires transport proteins as it has…

A

Low plasma solubility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

PO2 in the plasma influence the…

A

Saturation of haemoglobins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Factors that influence haemoglobin saturation are…

A
  • PCO2
  • PO2
  • pH
  • Temperature
  • 2,3-BPG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The oxygen-haemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve shows rapid changes in O2 saturation % of Hb at which PO2?

A

Physiological tissue PO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A small change in PO2 within the physiological range leads to a large…

A

Change in the amount of O2 bound to haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Effects of exercise on the O2-Hb saturation curve (2)…

A
  • Increase in PCO2 causes shift to the right
  • Decrease in pH causes shift to the right

= decrease in O2 affinity, release of O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A decrease in blood pH or an increase in PCO2 reduce the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin. This is known as the…

A

Bohr Effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The Bohr effect occurs because _________ displace _______ from haemoglobin

A

The Bohr effect occurs because hydrogen ions (H+) displace oxygen (O2) from haemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Haemoglobin exists in a tense or relaxed form. The relaxed form is readily ( deoxygenated / oxygenated)

A

Haemoglobin exists in a tense or relaxed form. The relaxed form is readily oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The binding of H+ to haemoglobin favours which conformation?

A

Tense

(hence reducing O2 affinity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An increase in temperature with shift the oxy-Hb saturation curve to the…

A

Right, decreasing affininty and leading O2 offloading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2-3BPG (2-3 bisphosphoglycerate) effects…

A

Need more O2 -> 2-3 BPG!

  • Long term adaptation to O2 availability
  • Interacts with beta globin chains, causing conformational change, reducing O2 affinity, increasing offload (right shift)
  • Seen in anaemia, chronic lung disease, altitude (low O2), congestive heart failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2-3BPG (2-3 bisphosphoglycerate) is produced where and when?

A

In erythrocytes (as a biproduct of glycolysis)

Production increases when O2 is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CADET (or CABET), look right!

A

Increases in….

C O2

A cid

B/D PG 2-3

E xercise

T emp

Shift the oxygen-Hb saturation curve to the RIGHT… more dissociation!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Foetal haemoglobin is comprised of which subunits?

A

2x alpha, 2x gamma globins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carbon monoxide poisining is treatable via…

A

Hyperbaric O2

17
Q

Carbon monoxide binds tightly to Hb.

This is ( reversible / irreversible ) and has the effect of…

A

Carbon monoxide binds tightly to Hb.

This is reversible and has the effect of…

a) limiting saturation (curve max moves down) - competes with O2
b) increased O2 affinity (slight left shift) - tight binding hard to release remaining O2

18
Q

7% of CO2 is ________________

23% of CO2 is _____________________

A

7% of CO2 is dissolved in the plasma

23% of CO2 is bound to haemoglobin (-> carbaminohaemoglobin)

19
Q

Conversion of CO2 to hydrogen carbonate (HCO3-)

The direction of the reaction depends on the…

A

CO2 gradient between tissues and blood.

If PCO2tissue > PCO2blood, then CA converts CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 (which dissociates into H+ and HCO3-)

If PCO2blood > PCO2tissue, then CA converts H2CO3 back to H2O + CO2(which is expelled via lungs)

CA = carbonic anhydrase (found in RBCs)

20
Q

PO2 in alveoli and aterial blood is ____ mmHg

A

PO2 in alveoli and aterial blood is 100 mmHg

21
Q

PO2 in venous blood is ____ mmHg

A

PO2 in venous blood is 40 mmHg

22
Q

PCO2 in venous blood is ____ mmHg

A

PCO2 in venous blood is 46 mmHg

23
Q

PCO2 in arterial blood and alveoli is…

A

40mmHg

24
Q

Overinflation of the lungs is prevented by the…

A

Heing-Breuer Reflex (triggered by stretch receptors in lung smooth muscle and signals the end of inhalation)

25
Q

The key effects of the diving response are…

A

(via trigeminal nerve)

Decreased HR, peripheral vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, inhibition of respiratory drive from peripheral chemoreceptors (up to break point)

26
Q

Respiratory drive has ( high / low ) sensitivity to CO2…

A

High

27
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors detect low PO2.

Signals sent to medullary repsiratory centre…

Aortic bodies signal via _______________

Carotid bodies signal via _____________________

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors detect low PO2.

Signals sent to medullary repsiratory centre…

Aortic bodies signal via vagus nerve

Carotid bodies signal via glossopharyngeal nerve

28
Q

Peripheral chemoreceptors detecting PO2 (do / do not) show adaptation to prolonged stimulation.

Central chemoreceptors detecting PCO2 (do / do not) show adaptation to prolonged stimulation.

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors detecting PO2 DO NOT show adaptation to prolonged stimulation.

Central chemoreceptors detecting PCO2 DO show adaptation to prolonged stimulation.

29
Q

The brain stem respiratory centre generates…

A

Rythmic breathing

30
Q

The respiratory centre is located in the medulla. It is comprised of 4 main parts…

A
  1. Pre-Botzinger complex (PBC) within the…
  2. Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)
  3. Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)
  4. Pontine Respiratory Group (PRG)
31
Q

The respiratory centre generates rhythmic breathing. The signal is output via the…

A

Phrenic nerve

32
Q

Automatic breathing is driven by:

a) DRG
b) DRG and VRG
c) Spinal reflex
d) PRG

A

Automatic breathing is driven by:

a) DRG

b) DRG and VRG

c) Spinal reflex
d) PRG

33
Q

The PRG (pontine respiratory group) inhibts inspiration allowing…

A

smooth breathing

34
Q
A

Physiology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions