10 - Cardiovascular System: Control Of Blood Pressure

Question 1

Short term control of blood pressure occurs via the…

Answer 1

Baroreceptor reflex

Question 2

The baroreceptor reflex is triggered by stretch receptors (baroreceptor) located at the (2)…

Answer 2

Carotid arteries and aorta

Question 3

Signals from the baroreceptor travel to a control centre in the medulla. From here signals to adjust heart rate, stroke volume and vessel diameter are sent via…

Answer 3

Efferent arm of the autonomic nervous system

Question 4

Mean arterial pressure can be calculated by multiplying which two variables?

Answer 4

Cardiac output (CO) and Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

Question 5

Baroreceptor can be overridden during exercise by the…

Answer 5

CNS

Question 6

Over the long term blood pressure is also mediated by…

Answer 6

Blood volume

Question 7

Blood volume can be regulated in 4 main ways…

Answer 7

1. Renal compensation
2. Atrial pressure receptors trigger release of atrial natriuretic peptide
3. Thirst signals
4. Hormonal control via signals from heart and kidneys (ADH, Renin-Angiotensin, ANP)

Question 8

Liddle Syndrome is a genetic condition which results in…

Answer 8

Elevated blood pressure

Question 9

Adaptive responses that may override the cardiovascular control centre in the brain stem include (3)…

Answer 9

• Fainting (Ach relaxes smooth muscle in arterioles, parasympathetic output to heart reduces HR)
• Feeding (dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus)
• Fight/flight (ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus)