01 - Homeostasis and the autonomic nervous system Flashcards
Physiology can be defined as the study of the…
Body’s internal workings
Homeostasis is the maintanence of equilibrium through…
Compensation
Homeostasis involves the control of the…
Internal environment (ECF)
Homeostasis maintains variables…
Witihin a limited range
Homeostasis involves the intergrated function of…
Different organ systems
Diseases result from a failure to maintain…
Homeostasis
Homeostatic control is a continous process that involves monitoring…
Multiple parameters
a) Sensor -> stimulus -> controller -> effector -> response b) Stimulus -> sensor -> effector -> controller -> response c) Stimulus -> sensor -> controller -> effector -> response d) Controller -> stimulus -> sensor -> effector -> response
c) Stimulus -> sensor -> controller -> effector -> response
Physiological control mechanisms can be classified as (3)…
• Nervous system • Endocrine • Paracrine
Despite neuroendocrine pathways being grouped into 3 types there are actually…
No absolute distinctions between them
A major function of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is to maintain…
Homeostasis
ANS control centres are located in the (3)…
- Hypothalamus 2.Brain stem 3. Spinal cord
Efferent pathways of the ANS are divided into (2)…
• Sympathetic (‘fight or flight’) • Parasympathetic (‘rest and digest’ or ‘feed and breed’)
The structure of the NS can be divided into 3 main parts…
- Pre-ganglionic neurone 2. Autonomic ganglion 3. Post-ganglionic neurone
The parasympathetic NS is characterised structurally by…
Long pre-ganglionic and a short post-ganglionic neurone
The sympathetic NS is characterised structurally by…
Short pre-ganglionic and a long post-ganglionic neurone (and the existance of the sympathetic ganglia)
The pre-ganglionic origin of the parasympathetic NS (2)…
- Cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) 2. Pelvic nerve
The pre-ganglionic origin of the sympathetic NS is (2)…
- Thoracic 1 (T1) 2. Lumbar 2/3 (L2/3)
The origin of some post-ganglionic neurones in the sympathetic ANS is the…
Autonomic ganglia
The autonomic ganglia is comprised of 2…
Paravertibral sympathetic chains
The adrenal medulla is directly innervated by…
Pre-ganglionic neurones from the sympathetic NS
Neurotransmitters of the ANS (4)
• Acetylcholine • Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) • Adrenaline (epinephrine) • NANC
ANS receptors (2)…
• Cholinergic • Adrenergic
Nicotinic Ach receptors can be found at the…
NMJ
