04 - Blood groups Flashcards
Red blood cell surface antigens are a complex mix of…
Glycoproteins, glycolipids and proteins
The main blood type system is…
A,B,O and Rhesus D positive / negative
Changes in blood group may sometimes occur under which circumstances?
- Infection
- Cancer
- Autoimmune disease
- After bone marrow transplant (permanently)
The ABO system is determined according to the…
Terminal sugar
ABO genes - A and B are ( dominant / recessive )
Dominant
ABO gene - O is ( dominant / recessive)
Recessive
In blood type O, precursor in converted by FUT1 to…
H substance
In type A blood, antigen A is formed by A transferase, which adds (?) to H substance…
N-acetylgalactosamine
In type B blood, antigen B is formed by B transferase, which adds (?) to H substance…
Galactose
There are two subtypes of blood group A, A1 and A2. This ( does / does not ) affect transfusion.
Does not affect transfusion
The function of A/B substances is…
Unknown
There absence in those with Type O blood does not seem to be associated with any health effects.
Variation of blood types between populations suggests they may have…
Conferred selective advantage in the past (e.g. resistance to infection)
“Agglutination leads to the lysis of red blood cells. The complement system is activated. There is kidney failure and circulatory shock, which may be fatal.”
What is being described?
Haemolytic transfusion reaction
Anti rhesus D antibodies are not normally produced. When they are they
A) Have severe effects due to activation of complement system
B) Have mild effects due to activation of complement system
C) Have mild effects as complement system is not activated
D) Have severe effects, causing haemolytic transfusion reaction
C) Have mild effects as complement system is not activated
Unlike A,B,O antibodies.
The universal recipient blood type is…
AB+
As A,B and rhesus D antigens all present
