Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sophie - The Nervous System - Year 2 > 16.2 Osteology > Flashcards

16.2 Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the falx cerebri separate?

A

the left and right cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?

A

Cerebrum from the cerebellum
Spans the transverse plane from the inner surface of the occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the spinal subarachnoid space extend to (at lumbar end)?

A

This space expands at the level of the conus medullaris of the spinal cord, forming the lumbar cistern.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the dura mater?

A
  • Dense, irregular connective tissue that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord
  • Outermost layer
  • Made up of 2 layers in the skull, but these fuse into one in the vertebral column
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the arachnoid mater?

A
  • Middle layer that surrounds the brain and the spinal cord
  • Contains arachnoid granulations that allow for the reabsorption of CSF into the circulation
  • Has a spiderweb appearance
  • Fibrous tissue, covered in flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid
  • Arachnoid trabeculae anchor the arachnoid mater to the pia mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pia mater?

A
  • Innermost layer of the 3 layers/meninges covering the brain and the spinal cord
  • Made up of collagen and reticular fibres
  • Delicate, innermost layer
  • Attached directly to the basement membrane and astrocyte foot processes (fairly secure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Foramen rotundum
*maxillary trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Foramen Ovale
*Mandibular trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Foramen spinosum
*Middle meningeal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Jugular foramen
*CN9,10,11 and internal jugular vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Carotid canal and foramen lacerum
*Internal carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Sylomastoid foramen
*CN7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Foramen magnum
*Spinal cord and vertebral arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Hypoglossal canal
*CN12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Optic foramen - opening to the optic canal.
*CN2, ophthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Superior orbital fissure
*CN3, CN4, CN6, Ophthalmic branch of CN5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is this and what are its principle components?

A

Internal acoustic meatus
*CN7, CN8, labyrinthine artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What bone is C?

A

Temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what bone is A?

A

Frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What bone is B?

A

Sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What bone is this?

A

Zygomatic

22
Q

What bone is E?

A

Occipital

22
Q

What bone is D?

A

Parietal

23
Q

What bone is F?

A

Ethmoid

24
Q

What are the three divisions of the floor of the cranial cavity?

A

Anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossa

25
Q

Which bones make up the cranial roof?

A

Frontal, occipital and two parietal

26
Q

What is F?

A

Temporal process of zygomatic bone

27
Q

What is K?

A

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

28
Q

Name the four air sinuses

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary

29
Q

Which bone are mastoid air sinuses located in?

A

Temporal bone

30
Q

Which cranial fossa is highlighted? What does it contain?

A

Posterior cranial fossa
-Brainstem (medulla and pons) and cerebellum
BONES:
-petrous part of temporal bone
-occipital bone

31
Q

Which cranial fossa is this? Which bones make it up?

A

Anterior cranial fossa
-contains frontal lobe of brain
FLOOR:
-Frontal (Orbital plates)
-Ethmoid (cribriform plate/ crista Galli etc.)
-Sphenoid (anterior aspects + lesser wings)

32
Q

Which cranial fossa is highlighted? What does it contain?

A

Middle cranial fossa
-Temporal lobe
-Pituitary gland
BONES: SPHENOID AND TEMPORAL
-Tuberculum sellae (sphenoid)
-Hypophysial/pituitary fossa (sphenoid)
-Dorsum sellae (sphenoid)
-Anterior and posterior Clinoid processes (sphenoid) around sella turcica (depression in body of sphenoid)
-Greater wings of sphenoid bones form lateral parts
-Squamous and petrous parts of temporal bone

33
Q

What is A?

A

Pituitary fossa / sella turcica

34
Q

Which bone does the pituitary gland lie in?

A

Sphenoid bone in the sella turcica

35
Q

What is D?

A

External auditory meatus

36
Q

What is this?

A

Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

37
Q

Which part of the temporal bone is highlighted in pink?

A

Squamous

38
Q

Which part of the temporal bone is highlighted in purple?

A

Petrous

39
Q

What is this?

A

Cribriform plate

40
Q

What is this?

A

Anterior clinoid process

41
Q

What is this?

A

Posterior clinoid process

42
Q

Label the different air sinuses

A
43
Q

What are mastoid air cells?

A

The mastoid cells (also called air cells of Lenoir or mastoid cells of Lenoir) are air-filled cavities within the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the cranium.

44
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

A space between arachnoid mater and pia mater, surrounding brain and spinal cord

45
Q

How is the dura related to the skull and the vertebral canal?

A
  • Dura mater is adhered to the skull (epidural space only occurs in the skull in cases of pathology, e.g. epidural haematoma)
    • Epidural space seen in the vertebral canal, therefore dura mater is not attached to the vertebral canal
  • The meninges extend down to the layer of S2
46
Q

What are the dural folds?

A
  • Tentorium cerebelli
    • Spans in a transverse plane from the inner surface of the occipital bone
    • Separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum (separates the forebrain and the hindbrain)
    • Contains the transverse, straight and superior petrosal sinuses
  • Falx cerebelli
    • Projects from the midline of the occipital bone
    • Seperates the hemispheres of the cerebellum
    • Contains the occipital sinus
  • Falx cerebri
    • Largest of the fibrous septa
    • Extends across the midline
    • Seperates the right and left hemispheres
    • Contains the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
  • Diaphragma sellae [EXTRA]
    • Flat membrane, surrounds the pituitary stalk and forms a roof over the hypophyseal fossa
    • Contains the anterior and posterior intercavernous sinus
47
Q

Label these dural folds.

A
48
Q

What is the relationship of the dura to blood vessels?

A
  • Blood supply mostly seen to the outer layer of the dura mater
  • Pia mater is highly vascular, using smaller vessels from the internal carotids and vertebral arteries like the underlying neural and glial tissue
  • The arachnoid mater is avascular
  • Dura mater receives vascular supply from many different branches, including:
    • Internal carotid artery
    • Maxillary artery
    • Ascending pharyngeal arteries
    • Occiptal artery
    • Vertebral artery
  • Meningeal arteries form anastomoses with cerebral arteries and supplies some regions of the brain
  • Skull has grooves/sulci to facilitate the passage of blood vessels supplying the dura
  • Dural veins accompany the arteries and are essentially a set of sinuses
49
Q

What innervates the dura?

A

Sensory innervation to the dura mater: CN V and CN X​

50
Q

What are the CSF cisterns?

A

These are compartments within the subarachnoid space that have large gaps between the pia and the arachnoid mater that allow for the accumulation of fluid. Cisterns may have vessels or cranial nerves passing through them.

51
Q

Label these cisterns.

A

Sophie - The Nervous System - Year 2 (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions