1.6 ATP Flashcards
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is the structure of ATP?
- Adenine
- Ribose (sugar)
- 3 phosphate groups
The bonds between the 3 phosphate molecules are ___________
Unstable
How does ATP store energy?
- The bonds between the 3 phosphate molecules are unstable
- Meaning that they have a low activation energy
- When the bonds break they release energy
Equation for the hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP + H2O –> ADP + Pi + energy
What catalyses the hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP hydrolase
Equation for the condensation of ATP?
ADP + Pi + energy —> ATP + H2O
What catalyses the condensation of ATP?
ATP synthase
What is phosphorylation?
Adding a phosphate molecule
What is dephosphorylation?
Removing a phosphate molecule
Why is ATP a good energy donor?
The instability of phosphate bonds
Why is ATP a bad long-term energy store?
The instability of phosphate bonds
Why is ATP a good IMMEDIATE energy store?
- Only 1 step is required to release the energy in ATP
- Releases energy in small, manageable amounts
- Quick source of energy
- Rapidly reformed
ATP is used in many biological processes. Explain why.
- Releases energy in small, manageable amounts
- Broken down in 1 step
- It is an immediate energy compound
- Phosphorylates substances + makes them more reactive/lowers Ea
- Can be reformed
Describe how an ATP molecule is formed from its component molecules.
- Adenine, ribose and 3 phosphates
- Condensation reaction
- ATP synthase
Water is used to hydrolyse ATP. Name the two products of ATP hydrolysis.
- ADP
- Inorganic phosphate
Give two ways in which the properties of ATP make it a suitable source of energy in biological processes.
- Energy released in small/manageable amounts
- Involves a single reaction (to release)
Explain why humans synthesise more than their body mass of ATP each day.
- Cannot be stored (is an immediate source of energy)
- Releases a small amount of energy at a time
Give two ways in which ATP is a suitable energy source for cells to use.
- Releases energy instantaneously
- Can be rapidly re-synthesised
- Phosphorylates other compounds (making them more reactive)
Describe how ATP is resynthesised in cells.
- From ADP and phosphate
- By ATP synthase
- During respiration
Give two ways in which the hydrolysis of ATP is used in cells.
- To provide energy for other reactions
- To add phosphate to other substances AND make them more reactive
