15.CMV_Diagnosis_Treatment_Flashcards

Question 1

What are the congenital anomalies (teratogenic effects) caused by CMV?

Answer 1

1. Thrombocytopenia.
2. Microcephaly.
3. Retinitis.
4. Common complications:
   
   • Sensorineural hearing loss (deafness).
   • Ocular abnormalities.
   • Mental retardation.

Question 2

What is the infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome caused by CMV?

Answer 2

CMV causes fever and abnormal lymphocytes, resembling infectious mononucleosis.

Question 3

What complications does CMV cause in immunocompromised patients (ICP)?

Answer 3

1. Retinitis (blindness).
2. Pneumonia.
3. Hepatitis.
4. Diarrhea.

Question 4

What happens during CMV reactivation in previously infected women?

Answer 4

CMV can reactivate and be excreted from the cervix during pregnancy, posing a risk to the fetus.

Question 5

What is the most reliable method for diagnosing CMV?

Answer 5

PCR, used for testing blood and urine, is the most reliable method for diagnosing CMV.

Question 6

What are the limitations of cell culture for diagnosing CMV?

Answer 6

Cell culture takes 2-3 weeks (too slow for rapid diagnosis) and identifies Owl’s eye inclusions (specific cytopathic effect). CMV is not replicated in animal fibroblasts.

Question 7

From which specimens can CMV be recovered?

Answer 7

CMV can be recovered from urine and throat wash.

Question 8

How is CMV detected using serology?

Answer 8

Serology detects CMV antibodies, showing a fourfold increase in antibody titers.

Question 9

What are the main drugs used to treat CMV?

Answer 9

1. Ganciclovir: Effective for CMV, including resistant cases to acyclovir.
2. Foscarnet: Used specifically for CMV retinitis.

Question 10

What are additional recommendations for managing CMV infections?

Answer 10

1. Isolation of infected newborns is advisable to prevent spread.
2. Screening of transplant donors and recipients for CMV antibodies (Ab).