Producing New Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

How many chromosomes are found in a human cell?

A

Human body cells contain 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs

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2
Q

What are cells called when they contain 2 matching sets of chromosomes?

A

Diploid cells

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3
Q

What is cell division?

A

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. During cell division, the cell nucleus splits and the DNA is replicated

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4
Q

Why do cells need to divide?

A

Multicellular organisms divide to produce new cells for growth and repair of damaged cells

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5
Q

What is meant by chromosome complement?

A

It is important for cells to maintain the diploid chromosome complement so that they have exactly the same genetic information so that the daughter cells can carry out the same functions as the parent cells

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6
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus divides into two daughter nuclei, each of which receives the same number of chromosomes that were present in the original nucleus

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7
Q

What is the first stage of Mitosis?

A

-Nucleus contains long uncoiled chromosomes which are difficult to see
-Chromosomes make copies of themselves and become visible as pairs of identical chromatids

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8
Q

What is the second stage of Mitosis?

A

-Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
-Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes

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9
Q

What is the third stage of Mitosis?

A

-Pairs of chromatids are pulled apart
-Chromosomes move to opposite poles

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10
Q

What is the fourth stage of Mitosis?

A

Nuclear membrane forms and cytoplasm divides creating 2 daughter cells

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11
Q

Why is it important for new cells produced by Mitosis to be identical to the original cell?

A

It is important so that no genetic information is lost

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12
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

A diploid cell had two matching sets of chromosomes. Most cells in the human body are diploid

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