Lab Exam 3 - Joints and Synovial Joint Movements (Exercise 11) Flashcards
Define Term: Synarthoses
Immoveable
Define Term: Amphiarthroses
Slightly Moveable
Define Term: Diarthrosis
Freely moving (represents about 90% of joints in the body)
What is the name for immature cartilage cells?
Chondroblasts
What is the name for mature cartilage cells?
Chondrocytes
Note that in all three types of cartilage, the cells are alone of on groups of two or three and surrounded by a matrix made up of fibers and proteoglycans. What is the difference between the three types of cartilage?
The difference between the three types of cartilage is the type of fibers and relative amount of proteoglycan.
What are the three types of cartilage?
Elastic Cartilage, Fibrocartilage, and Hyaline Cartilage
The difference between the three types of cartilage is the type of fibers and relative amount of proteoglycan. How is Hyaline cartilage difference from Elastic and Fibrocartilage?
Hyaline cartilage contians type II collagen and a large amount of affrefating cartilage proteoglycan called aggrecan.
The difference between the three types of cartilage is the type of fibers and relative amount of proteoglycan. How is Elastic cartilage difference from Hyaline and Fibrocartilage?
Elastic cartilage contains type II collagen and proteoglycan, like Hyaline cartilage, but additionally contains elastic fibers
The difference between the three types of cartilage is the type of fibers and relative amount of proteoglycan. How is Fibrocartilage difference from Hyaline and Elastic cartilage?
Fibrocartilage contains less proteoglycan and type I collagen in place of type II collagen.
What is a synovial joint?
Synovial joints permit significant movement of two bones relative to each other. Freedom of movement results from the presence of a fluid-filled space between the two bones, called the synovial cavity. The synovial cavity is filled with a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid. Most joints in the body are synovial joints. Some examples include the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee.
Know the following term: Articular bone
The two articularting at the synovial joint (though probably just any bone that articulates with another bone)
Know the following term: Articular capsule
Structure that encloses the synovial joint and synovial cavity; has two layers; the fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
Know the following term: Articular Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage covering the ends of the bones in the synovial cavity
Know the following term: Fibrous Capsule
outer dense fibrous connective tissue layer of the articular capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the bone; also forms ligaments when fibrous bundles are parallel
Know the following term: synovial cavity
small space between the two articulating bones
Know the following term: Synovial fluid
secreted by the synovial membrane ; lubricates the articular cartilages to reduce friction
Know the following term: Synovial membrane
inner layer of the articular capsule; composed of areolar connective tissue containing elastic fibers and adipocytes
What are the most common major injuries to the knee due to sporting activities?
Meniscal tear or a tear to the anterior cruciate ligament.
Define Term: Gliding
Gliding: Nearly flat bone surfaces slide or glide over each other
Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 1
- Articular Bone
Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 2
- Synovial Fluid
Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 3
- Synovial Cavity
Typical Synovial Joint and Dissection: Define 4
- Articular Cartilage
