Chapter 11 Mouth or oral cavity Flashcards
The mouth, oral cavity is also called the?
buccal cavity
Where does digestion begin?
the mouth
What are the key structures of clinical significance in the mouth?
lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, hard palate, soft palate, and oropharynx
What role does the lips play?
they play a role as a prehension organ - meaning an animal can use the lips to grasp food and pull it into the mouth
Labial is the term used to describe anything pertaining to the…?
lips
The salivary glands produce…?
saliva - which performs a variety of digestive and lubrication functions
What are the 3 matching pairs of salivary glands?
1 - parotid salivary glands - located just ventral to the ear canals
2 - mandibular salivary glands - located ventral to the parotid glands at the caudal angle of the mandible
3- sublingual salivary glands - located medial to the shafts of the mandible just under the base of the tongue
The teeth are responsible for ?
physically breaking down food into smaller pieces
What is the term that means physically breaking down food into smaller pieces?
masstication
What is maxilla?
the incisive bones of the skull that contain the upper arcade of teeth
What is the upper arcade of teeth?
teeth in the upper part of the mouth
What contains the lower arcade of teeth?
the mandible
What do carnivore teeth look like?
more pointed on their occlusal surface; slightly curved toward back of mouth
What are carnivore teeth good for?
good for holding prey, tearing, cutting, and shredding
What do herbivore teeth look like?
flat occlusal surfaces
What are herbivore teeth good for?
good for grinding plant and grain material
Carnivores and Herbivores teeth are classified as …?
incisors, canine, premolars and molars
What are the premolars?
cutting teeth, rostral cheek teeth, has sharp points and surfaces in carnivores
What are molars?
grinding teeth, causal cheek teeth, larger, flatter occlusal surfaces, used for grinding
What are incisors?
grasping teeth, most rostral teeth of upper and lower arcade
What are canines?
Tearing teeth, located at the corners of the incisors, longer than other teeth, pointed at the tip
What does lingual mean?
inner surface of the lower arcade of teeth
What does palatal mean?
inner surface of the upper arcade
What does labial mean?
outer surface of the upper and lower arcade at the front of the mouth
What does buccal mean?
outer surface of the teeth more caudal in the mouth
What is the dental formula?
represents the typical number of each type of tooth found in the upper and lower arcade
To designate the tooth type do you use uppercase letters for adult or deciduous teeth (baby teeth)?
adult teeth
To designate the tooth type do you use lowercase letters for adult or deciduous teeth (baby teeth)?
deciduous teeth (baby teeth)
_____ have no upper incisors or upper canine teeth.
Ruminants
What is the dental pad?
flat thick connective tissue structure on the maxilla opposite the lower incisors and canine teeth
What is the dental formula?
tooth type followed by two numbers separated by a slash mark or expressed as a fraction of one number over the other
What does the first number stand for?
number of teeth in half of the upper arcade
What does the second number stand for?
number of teeth in half of the lower arcade
How do you determine the total number of teeth in the mouth?
sum up all of the numbers I, C, P, M and and multiply by 2
The pig has a complete dental formula - what is that formula?
I 3/3 C1/1 P 4/4 M 3/3 = 44 teeth
What is the pulp in a tooth?
center of tooth - blood and nerve supply enter at the apex of the tooth root
What is the dentin that surrounds the the tooth pulp?
is more dense than bone and helps to protect the sensitive pulp
What is the cementum and what does it do?
- a hard connective tissue that helps fasten the tooth securely in its bony socket
- it covers the root of the tooth?
What is enamel and what does it do?
- the hardest, toughest tissue in the body
- covers the crown of the tooth
What is the purpose of the oral cavity?
to prehend (take hold of) the food, initiate mastication (chewing) and chemcial digest, and prepare the food for swallowing
Mastication can also be referred to as …?
mechanical digestion
What is gingiva?
epithelial tissue that composes the gums around the teeth
What is mechanical digestion?
breaks down the food into smaller particles to increase the surface area available for exposure to the enzymes involved in chemical digestion
What is chemical digestion?
saliva - added to food as it is chewed moistens, softens, and shapes food into a form that is more readily swallowed
What are digestive enzymes?
are proteins that promote (catalyze) the chemical reactions that split complex food molecules up into simpler compounds.
Enzymes be recognized because their names usually end in ______?
–ase – they are components of the food (sugars, proteins, and fats, etc)
What is amylase?
– an enzyme found in the saliva of omnivores, such as rats and pigs, but is absent in carnivores, like dogs and cats. Salivary amylase breaks down amylase, a sugar component of starch.
What is lipase
– an enzyme that digests lipids (fats), also may be found in the saliva of some young animals (calves) while they are nursing or on a high-milk diet.
What does sodium biocarbonate and phosphate buffers found in cattle saliva do?
it neutralizes acids normally formed in the rumen (1st stomach) and to help maintain the healthy pH of the rumen
What does the autonomic nervous system control?
most of the glands in the digestive system
What does the parasympathetic stimulation do?
increases salivation
anticipation of eating can cause parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands
What does the sympathetic nervous system stimulation do?
decreases salivation
fear or parasympathetic nervous system inhibitors like atropine produce dry mouth
